傲慢与偏见毕业论文.docx

傲慢与偏见毕业论文.docx

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傲慢与偏见毕业论文

存档编号

学士学位论文

ViewsonMarriageofJaneAusten

inPrideandPrejudice

教学学院外国语学院

届别届

专业英语

姓名

学号

指导教师___

完成日期_

ViewsonMarriageofJaneAusteninPrideandPrejudice

论《傲慢与偏见》中简奥斯丁的婚姻观

Abstract:

JaneAustenwasoneofthedistinguishedrealisticnovelistsinthenineteenth-centuryinEnglishliterature．PrideandPrejudiceisaworld-widepopularnovelpublishedin1813．Austensetthestoryinthefirstdecadeofthenineteenthcentury．Atthattime，marriagewastheonlywayforwomentogainsocialstatusandrecognition.Fromthedescriptionoffourdifferentmarriages,thenovelexploretheimportantrolethatmoneyandloveplaysinmarriage.Austenfullyexpressesheroriginalviewsonmarriage：

property,socialstatusandlovearethreeindispensableelementsinamarriage．Itiswrongtomarryformoney，butitisunwisetomarrywithoutmoney.Austen’sviewsonmarriageemphasizeloveandeconomiccondition,andahappymarriageshouldbebasedonmutuallove,mutualunderstanding.ThethesistriestodrawsomeinspirationfromAustenandprovidesomehintsformodernwomenintheirviewofmarriage。

Keywords:

Love;Marriage;Money;socialstatus

摘要：

简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。

她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。

小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。

小说通过对四种不同婚姻的描写，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用，从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观：

财产、社会地位和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素，为了金钱而结婚是错误的，然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。

奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，认为幸福的婚姻应该建立在相互爱慕和相互理解上。

本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴

关键词：

爱情；婚姻；金钱；社会地位

Contents

Abstract…………………………………………………………………….2

Keywords…………………………………………………………………..2

Chapter1Introduction……………………………………………………..4

1.1JaneAusten……………………………………………………………..4

1.2BackgroundofPrideandPrejudice…………………………………….4

Chapter2FourMarriagesinPrideandPrejudice…………………………..6

2.1CollinsandCharlotte’smarriage……………………………..6

2.2.LydiaandWickham’sMarriage………………………………7

2.3.JaneandMr.Bingley’sMarriage…………………………….7

2.4.DarcyandElizabeth’sMarriage………………………………8

Chapter3ViewsonfourMarriagesofJaneAusteninPrideandPrejudice…11

3.1.Marriagebasedontrueloveandmutualunderstanding……..11

3.1.1.JaneandMr.Bingley’smarriage………………………11

3.1.2.DarcyandElizabeth’smarriage………………………..11

3.2.Marriagebasedonmoneyandsocialstatus………………….12

3.2.1.CollinsandCharlotte’smarriage……………………….12

3.2.2.LydiaandWickham’sMarriage………………………..13

Chapter4ThepracticalimportanceofJaneAusten'sviews…………………….15

4.1.AtJaneAustentime……………………………………………………....15

4.2.Inmodernsociety………………………………………………………...16

Chapter5Conclusion……………………………………………………………..18

Chapter1Introduction

1.1JaneAustin 

“JaneAusten（1775-1817）wasborninHampshire,acountrypriestfamilylocatedinHants,thevillageofKingston,SidemeninnorthEngland.Shewasabeautiful,talentedmiddleclasswomanwithextraordinarytemperamentandgoodcultivation.”Hersixnovels－SenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,NorthangerAbbey,Mansfield,Emma,Persuasion“alldescribemorethanmarriage”（Wang,2005:

64）.However,hermarriageisinblankwithinher42yearslifetime.Goingthroughthebesttimeofthelife,sheultimatelydoesn’tmeettherightpersoninherlifeandfinallygivesupherlove.WiththesesweetandbitterexperiencesshewritesthegreatworkPrideandPrejudice.

JaneAustenwasmostlytutoredathome,andirregularlyatschool,butshereceivedabroadereducationthanmanywomenofhertime.Shestartedtowriteforfamilyamusementasachild.Herparentswereavidreaders;Austen'sownfavoritepoetwasCowper.Herearliest-knownwritingsdatefromabout1787.Veryshyaboutherwriting,shewroteonsmallpiecesofpaperthatsheslippedunderthedeskplotterifanyonecameintotheroom.Inherletterssheobservedthedailylifeofherfamilyandfriendsinanintimateandgossipymanner:

“JamesdancedwithAlethea,andcutuptheturkeylastnightwithgreatperseverance.Yousaynothingofthesilkstockings;Iflattermyself,therefore,thatCharleshasnotpurchasedany,asIcannotverywellaffordtopayforthem;allmymoneyisspentinbuyingwhiteglovesandpinkpersian.”（AusteninalettertohersisterCassandrain1796）

1.2BackgroundofPrideandPrejudice

PrideandPrejudice,thebookaboutcommonplacethingsandordinarypeople,isoneofJaneAusten’sfamousbooks,beingtherepresentativeofrealisticliterature.Inportrays,withspecialsensitivecharacteristicoffemalewriters,thelifeandideasofmiddleclasswholiveincountryside.Thisnovelmakesananalysisofhumannatureandthenstickupreaderstothinkoversocialrelations.

“Atthattime,accordingtothesocialconditionsinBritain,agoodmarriageforayoungwomanwascritical.ThisphenomenonwascloselyassociatedwiththeBritishsocietyandthestatusofwomeninthesociety.Inthe19thcentury,womenwerenotwellrespectedcomparedwiththeonesinthepresentsociety.Therewasnoequalitybetweenwomanandman.Womenwereconsideredtobeinferiortomenintermsofintelligenceandcapacity.Thecentrallifeofwomenwasforcedtobestayingathome;theirrolesweretodealwiththefamilyaffairs,suchastakingcareofthechildrenandservingforthehusband.”（ZhuHong1995:

34）.

Peopleatthattimethoughtthatwomenshouldbesubmissivetotheirhusbands.Thevirtuesofwomenwerepatienceanddeference.Theymustrecognizetheirinherentinferioritytomen,sotheymustrestricttheirabilitieswithoutquestion.Althoughthestatusofwomenwaslow,fewofthemexpresseddissatisfactionabouttheirowndestiny.Atthattime,manymiddle-classyoungwomenhadthreewaysout:

gettingmarried,stayingathomeasoldmaidsorworkingasthefamilyfemaleteachers.Theincomeofafamilyfemaleteacherwasverylow,andthestatuswaslowaswell.Itwasverydifficultforthemtochangeorswapoutofthisstatus,noonewouldliketobeamaidforever,therefore,foryoungwomen,especiallythosewhodidnothaveenoughproperties,gettingmarriedwastheonlygoodwayforthemtogainrespect,stabilityandsocialstatus.

AustenfullycriticizedsomebadphenomenaatthattimeinherworkPrideandPrejudiceandtooksomeperfectpointsaboutmarriagetodemonstrateherownviewonmarriage.

Chaper2FourmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice

2.1Mr.CollinsandCharlotte’sMarriage

InPrideandPrejudice,thefirstpartisthemarriageofCharlotteandCollins.CharlotteisWilliamLucas’sdaughter,whoistheneighborofLizzyBennett.Sheisborninapoorfamilyandverymediocreineveryaspect.Soshehasnotgotmarriedevenuntilsheis26yearsold.Shemaybeatypicalquestionablegirl.“However,thereare5daughtersintheBennett’s,thefivedaughtersaregraduallygrowinguptotheageformarriage.Sobothofthetwofamiliesrivalmutually,especiallyintheeyesoftheordinarywomen,suchrivalrywasparticularlytedious.”（Huang,2007:

126）Bennett’swifeisespeciallytypical;shedoesnotgivebirthtoaboybutfivegirls.Thefamily’spropertycouldn’tbegiventoadaughteraccordingtothecustomatthattime,andthefamilywithoutasoncangrantthewealthtothenephew.SooneofBennettnephews—Collinscaninheritthefamilywealth.Therefore,Mrs.Bennetthasgreatexpectationsonhernephew.Thoughthefamilyisnotsorich,Collinsistheonlyonewhocaninheritthewholeproperty.Forthisreason,Mrs.Bennettfeelsatease,andthenshehasgreathopeonCollinsandlikeshim.Withthehelpofoneofhisrelatives,Collinsbecomesapriest.Andthenhegoestohisuncle’shome,wantingtobeoneson-in-lawofBennett.Becausehehasheardalotaboutthesituationofthefivedaughtersofhisuncle’sfamily;heiscomingtotryhisluckhere.Inhismind,ifhecouldbeoneson-in-lawofhisuncle’s,thenhecouldgetthepropertyofthefamily.Atfirst,hesuggestsMrs.Bennettthatthe26-yearoldJanehascapturedhisattention.AfterinformedthattheeldestdaughterJanehasaboyfriend,hethinksthattheseconddaughterElizabethwouldbeanagreeablealternative.Eventually,Elizabethrefuseshimwithsharptongue.ButCollinsquicklyfindscomfortfromCharlottewhodesirestogetmarriedandbelievesthatthemarriageistheonlywayforhertogainrespectandalsoistheonlyendingofawoman.Andthentheygetmarriedasquicklyasthelightning.

2.2LydiaandWickham’sMarriage

ThesecondmarriageisbetweenBennett’sthirddaughterLydiaandWickham,thesonofthehousekeeperofMr.Darcy.Atfirst,heiswell-treatedbythefamilyandthefriends.However,hecomesdownintheworldbecauseofhismisbehavior.Hegetsintodebt.Heisamanwithoutanyresponsibility.Hewantstogetmarriedinordertobecomerichsohecanchangehissocialstatus.Inhisopinion,loveisonlyrecreation.Forhispurpose,heenticesLydiawhoisyoung,innocentandvainglorious.“Lydia,withperfectindifference,continuedtoexpressheradmirationofCaptionCarter,andherhopeofseeinghiminthecourseoftheday,ashewasgoingthenextmorningtoLondon.”（Austen1813:

58）Lydiahatestoworkhard,andisspoiltbyhermother,andgettingloveandpraiseofaboyisherdream.SoWickhamgetsherloveeasily.“WhenWickhamwantstoreachhisaim—gettingwealthbyloveandexaltsherbeautyhypocritically,sheforgetswhosheisandfeelssheisthemostbeautifulandhappiestgirlintheworld.”（Fu,2002:

43）Theirlovedoesnotgetthepermissionfromtheparents,andthentheyelope.AsLydiaisyoungandempty-minded,shenevergivesloveaseriousandproperconsideration,sowhenElizabethhearsthenews,shebelievesthattheirloveisfalse,WickhamwouldnotmarryLydia,becausesheisnotcharmingandhasnothingtoattracthim,andheisonlyfondofthewealthofherfam