高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析.docx
《高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析.docx(42页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Atypicalchildplaysmanyroles,suchasfriend,neighbor,sonordaughter.Simplyremindingchildrenofthatfactcanleadtobetterproblem-solvingandmoreflexiblethinking,accordingtonewresearchfromDukeUniversity.
Betterproblem-solvingwasjustonepositivefindingofthestudy,saidleadauthorSarahGaither,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyandneuroscienceatDuke.Afterthinkingabouttheirownvariousidentities,childrenalsoshowedmoreflexiblethinkingaboutraceandothersocialgroupings—abehaviorthatcouldbevaluableinanincreasinglydiversesociety.
Inaseriesofexperiments,Gaitherandhercolleagueslookedat196children,ages6and7.Inanexperiment,onegroupofchildrenwasremindedthattheyhadvariousidentities,suchasson,daughter,readerorhelper.Asecondgroupofchildrenwasremindedoftheirmultiplephysicalattributes,suchasamouth,armsandlegs.Allthechildrenthenneededtohandleafewtasks
Childrenwhowereremindedoftheirvariousidentitiesshowedstrongerproblem-solvingandcreativethinkingskills.Whenshownpicturesofabearstaringathoney-filledbeehive(蜂窝)highupinatree,thesechildrenhadmorecreativeideasforhowthebearmightgetthehoney,suchasturningoverabowlsothatitbecameastool(凳子).Inotherwords,theysawanewuseforthebowl.Childrenwhowereremindedoftheirmultiplerolesalsoshowedmoreflexiblethinkingaboutsocialgroupings.Whenaskedtocategorizedifferentphotosoffaces,theysuggestedmanywaystoSpso.Theyidentifiedsmilingfacessuchasunsmilingones,andoldandyoungfaces.Theotherchildren,meanwhile,primarilygroupedpeople'sfacesbyraceandgender(性别).
The-studysuggestswaystopromoteflexiblethinkingfortheyoung,whichcouldbeespeciallyvaluableforteachers."Gaithersaid.
"Wehavethistendencyinoursocietytoonlythinkaboutourselvesinconnectionwithoneimportantgroupatatime,"Gaithersaid."Whenkidsthinkthattheyhavevariousidentities,theyshowgreaterabilities."
(1)Whatareallthekidsaskedtodointheexperiments?
A.Playdifferentkindsofroles.
B.Remindothersoftheirroles.
C.Approachseveraltasks.
D.Classifyagroupoftasks.
(2)Howdoestheauthormainlyclarifytheconclusionsofthestudyinparagraph4?
A.Bygivingexamples.
B.Byusingexperts'words.
C.Bylistingafewfigures.
D.Byshowingcauseandeffect.
(3)WhatcanwelearnfromSarahGaither'swords?
A.Improving5kidsflexiblethinkingabilityisimportantteaching.
B.Kidstendtobehaveselflesslyafterthinkingabouttheirroles.
C.Kids'creativethinkingabilityiseasytodiscoveranddevelop.
D.Teachersaresupposedtomakethemostofthekids'flexibility.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Kids'SocialAbilitiesAreConsistentwith.TheirEducation.
B.ConsideringTheirVariousRolesImprovesKids'Abilities.
C.KidsHaveaVarietyofIdentitiesinTheirDailyLife.
D.Problem-solvingAbilityIsNecessaryforMostKids.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了让孩子知道自己有不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Allthechildrenthenneededtohandleafewtasks.”可知,所有的孩子都被要求处理一些任务。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段可推断,第四段主要使用了两个例子来阐明实验得出的结论。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“Thestudysuggestssimplewaystopromoteflexiblethinkingfortheyoung,whichcouldbeespeciallyvaluableforteachers,,Gathersad.”可知,提高孩子的灵活思维的方法对于老师是有价值的。
由此可推断,提高孩子的灵活性思维能力在教育中是很重要的事。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文呢绍了孩子考虑自己的不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest(re)appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlert.Wesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon(notmuch,asitturnsout).
IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs(frequentlyaskedquestions),itquiteclearlystates:
"ThereasonthatsomeBIC®penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."
That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers(1.2miles)ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?
Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers(4,505miles)ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens(中性笔),androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.
ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:
"100percentofpenballsaremadethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asopposedtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppose.
(1)WhydoestheauthormentionthecaseofYellowstone?
A. Tolistthefacts.
B. Toprovehispoint.
C. Tocomparethetwosituations.
D. Toemphasizetheimportanceofsafety.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?
A. Block.
B. Open.
C. Transform.
D. Narrow.
(3)Whywerethewritingtestsonpenscarriedout?
A. Toworkouttheirlifespan.
B. Toassuretheirgoodquality.
C. Toprovesomerandomfacts.
D. Tocomparedifferentpenswitheachother.
(4)Inwhattonedoestheauthordevelopthetext?
A. Critical. B. Acid. C. Humorous. D. Serious.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。
这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。
(1)考查推理判断。
毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因,且这个问题会被偶尔问到,就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样,作者是在举例证明他的观点,故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时,笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息,故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers(4,505miles)ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens(中性笔),androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard."可知,举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准,故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie."和第三段中的"That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers"等作者的行文措辞可知,作者笔调轻松幽默,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.PeterTabichi,36,amathsandphysicsteacheratKerikosecondaryschoolinPwaniVillage,haswontheVarkeyFoundationGlobalTeacherPrize2019.
Tabichigivesaway80%ofhisincometohelpthepooreststudentsatthepoorly-equippedandovercrowdedschoolwhocouldnototherwiseafforduniformsandbooks.Morethan90%ofhisstudentsarefrompoorfamiliesandalmostathirdareorphansorhaveonlyoneparent.Drugabuse,teenagepregnancies,leavingofftheirstudies,youngmarriagesandsuicidearecommon.Studentshavetowalk7kmalongroadsthatcanbecomeimpassableintherainyseasontoreachtheschoolandtheareacanbeaffectedbydroughtandstarvation.
Despiteonlyhavingonecomputer,apoorInternetconnectionandastudent-teacherratioof58:
1,Tabichistarteda"talentnurturingclub"andexpandedtheschool'sscienceclub,helpingstudentsdesignresearchprojectsofsuchqualitythatmanynowqualifyfornationalcompetitions.
HisstudentshavetakenpartininternationalsciencecompetitionsandwonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetogenerateelectricity.Tabichiandfourcolleaguesalsogivestrugglingstudentsone-to-onetuitioninmathsandscience,visitingstudents'homesandmeetingtheirfamiliestoidentifythechallengestheyface.
Acceptingtheprize,TabichisaidAfrica'syoungpeoplewouldnolongerbeheldbackbylowexpectations."Africawillproducescientists,engineersandentrepreneurswhosenameswillbeonedayfamousineverycorneroftheworld."hesaid.
(1)WhatmadePeterTabichiwintheprizein2019?
A. Givingaway$1milliontoeducation.
B. Teachinginsecondaryschoolsfor36years.
C. FightingdroughtandstarvationinAfrica. D. HelpingthepoorerstudentsinruralKenya.
(2)WhydidTabichistartthe"talentnurturingclub"?
A. Tocontributemostofhisincome.
B. Toexpandnationalcompetitions.
C. Toguidestudentstodesignresearchprojects.
D. Toencouragestudentstograspopportunities.
(3)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeterTabichiasateacher?
A. Independent.
B. Caring.
C. Humorous.
D. Interesting.
(4)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. Africaneducationcostisexpectedtogetlower.
B. Africa