英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较.docx

英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较.docx

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英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较

TheponywasrevisedinJanuary2021

英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较

题目：

英国下午茶与广东早茶的文化比较

OnCulturalComparisonBetweenBritishAfternoonTea

andCantoneseMorningTea

摘要

茶文化博大精深，而茶又是人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

中国和英国都是饮茶大国，各自独特的茶文化代表着东西方不同的饮茶风格，是各自传统文化的重要组成部分。

本论文以英国下午茶和广东早茶文化为研究对象，详细描述了两地丰富的茶文化特色，从而对两地茶文化的异同进行比较。

首先本论文简单追溯了中英两国的茶文化概况。

接着分章节叙述了英国下午茶与广东早茶的起源及其历史发展：

其中包括英国维多利亚时期的下午茶盛况，清朝广州的茶楼，以及英国下午茶和广东早茶的风格和特点；同时包括两地的茶文化的现状，等等。

最后对两者之间的不同点与相似处进行了比较和总结。

从中，我们不仅能了解丰富的茶文化知识，还能由此更深地探索两地的文化异同。

本文将要探索的是，除去那些表面的差异，两者在文化层面的相似之处：

茶在社交功能方面所发挥的作用。

关键词：

茶文化；下午茶；早茶；文化比较

Abstract

Teaculturehasalonghistory.Teaisanindispensablepartofpeople’sdailylives,whetherinBritainorinChina.TheiruniqueteaculturerepresentsadifferentstyleofteaintheEastandWest,andbelongstoanimportantpartoftheirtraditionalculture.ThispapertakestheBritishafternoonteaandtheCantonesemorningteaasresearchobjects,describestherichcharacteristicsofbothculture,aimsatmakingancomparisonbetweenthem.Firstly,thispaperbrieflydatesbacktothecultureoverviewoftheBritishafternoonteaandtheCantonesemorningtea.ThenitdescribestheoriginanddevelopmentofBritishafternoonteaandCantonesemorningteacultureindetails,whichincludestheprosperityoftheafternoonteainVictorianEra,theteahouseofGuangzhouinQingdynastyandthefeaturesandpresentsituationoftheBritishafternoonteaandtheCantonesemorningtea.Inthemeantime,italsoincludestheirdrinkingstyles,teacategories,teacakesandsoon.Finallyitmakesaconclusionofthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwocultures.Wecannotonlygettoknowtherichknowledgeaboutteacultureofthetwocountries,butalsomakein-depthexplorationofthedifferencesandsimilaritiesofcultures.Apartfromthesuperficialdifferences,thispaperwillgotoexplorethesimilarityofthesetwocultures:

theroleofteainthesocialintercourse.

KeyWords:

teaculture;afternoontea;morningtea;culturalcomparison

Contents

摘要.............................................................................................................i

Abstract.....................................................................................................ii

Differentcustomofdrinkingtea.................................................................................10

Differentculturaloriginoftea.....................................................................................10

Acknowledgements..................................................................................17

OnCulturalComparisonBetweenBritishAfternoonTea

andCantoneseMorningTea

1.Introduction

Teaisacupoflife.ItistrueforbothChinesepeopleandBritishpeople.ForChinese,teaisaninseparablethingofdailylife.Also,teaishighlypraisedanddeeplylovedbyBritishpeople.AstheBritishwriterSamuelJohnsonhassaid:

“Tea'sproperuseistoamusetheidle,andrelaxthestudious,anddilutethefullmealsofthosewhocannotuseexercise,andwillnotuseabstinence?

”.

Chinaisthehometownoftea.Andthereisalegendoftheoriginoftea:

Shennong,aagriculturalgod,isalsotheinventorofChinesemedicine.Hediscoversthefivecerealsaswellasvariousherbals,whichcancurehumandiseases.ItissaidthatShennongtastesvariousherbalssoastomasterthecharacteristicsofherbalmedicinesandispoisonedseventy-twotimesadaybutisdetoxifiedbyaccidentallyeatingtealeaves.Thisistheearliestdescriptionandwrittenrecordaboutourforefather'sunderstandingoftea.IntheWesternHanDynasty（2069.）inthesouthwesternofChina,especiallyinSichuanandYunnan,peoplestartdrinkingteaasbeverage.Atthattime,teaisalsodedicatedtotheEmperorsastributes.TangandSongDynastiesarethemostimportantperiodsofteaculturedevelopment.PeoplebegintoproduceteaonalargescaleinTangDynastyandteabecomespopularquickly.TheartofChineseteastartstotakeshape.ItisinthemiddleperiodofTangDynasty（618-907.）thatteadrinkingbecomesanationaltraditionandleadstothedevelopmentofadelicateteadrinkingritual.Theteahousesspreadalloverthecountry.Drinkingteaisnotonlyprevalentineverypartofthiscountrybutalsodevelopsinvariousstylesindifferentareas.Forexample,Guangzhouisfamousforitsmorningteaculture.Nowadays,morningteacultureistheuniquepartofCantoneseculture.

Thoughthetea-drinkinghistoryofBritishismuchshorterthanthatofChina,Britainisalsoateaconsumingcountry.Itrapidlybecomesthesecondlargestteaconsumerintheworldnow,witheachpersonconsumingonaveragekgperyear.Whenasked"Whatkindofdrinkingdoyouwant",theanswersofmostBritishpeopleare"Teaforever".Aboutintheearly17thcentury,Britishbegintohaverecordsabouttea.About1650,Britishoccasionallydrinktea,thengraduallyteabecomesanintegralpartofdailydrinksintheUK.TeaisfirstintroducedtoBritainbyPortuguesePrincessCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEngland,inthe1660sand1670s.Itissaidinherdowriesthereare221poundsofblackteaandallkindsofexquisiteChineseteasets,whileatthattime,blackteaisaspreciousassilver.Regardedasthe“TeaQueen”,CatherinebringstheblackteatotheRoyalPalaceandmakestheteaartpopularamongtheladiesofroyalfamily.Gradually,teaspreadsoutinthenobility,becomingtheirmagicmedicineandthefashionablebeverageinsocialintercourse.Atthattime,teatradebetweenChinaandBritaindevelopesrapidly.In1840s,thetraditionofafternoonteaiscoincidentlyinventedbyAnnaRussell,theseventhDuchessofBedford.Sincethen,theafternoontimeisnotboringandendless.Afternoonteabecomesanewformofsocialintercourse,andtoacertainextent,itchangestheBritish’slifestyle.Later,afternoonteagetsintocommonpeople’slife.TeabecomesBritish’stotem-drink.

2.BritishAfternoonTea

UndertheinfluenceofthecultureofBritishafternoontea,Britishwritersoftenexpresstheirappreciationforafternoontea.HenryJamessaysinhisfamousnovelThePortraitofaLadythat“Therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdedicatedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”（Smith1989:

15）.Aftermorethanonehundredyears’development,afternoonteabecomesoneofBritishpeople’shabits,andshapestheuniqueBritishafternoonteaculture.

TheOriginanddevelopmentofBritishafternoontea

TeaisfirstintroducedtoBritainasamysteriouseasterndrink,andonlythenoblemencanaffordtheexorbitantpriceoftea.ItisthePortuguesePrincessCatherineofBraganza,queenconsortofCharlesIIofEnglandthatmakestheteadrinkinghabitbecomeprevalentamongtheRoyalPalaceandthenobility.Thus,sheisrespectfullyaddressedbyherpeopleas“TeaQueen”.

ItissaidthatthequeenconsortCatherinedrinksanamberbeverageinherharem.Eveninsomecourtbanquets,whenpeopleproposeatoasttoher,shealwaysraisesherspecialcupanddrinksherownamberbeverage.Peopleareconfusedwhythisbeveragecannotmaketheirqueendrunkbutmakeheramorebloomingvisage.SomeonereportsittoCharlesII,thinkinghewilllookintowhatactuallythisamberbeverageis,whilehejustrespondswithasmile.Onthecontrary,theFrenchqueenisfullofcuriosity.HerintuitiontellsherthatCatherine’sbeautyhassomethingtodowiththismysteriousdrink.Temptedbygreedandjealousy,sheordersoneofherretinuestostealthisstrangething,whereasitissoonexposedandtheretinueishangedforthis.Afterthisevent,theblackteabroughtfromPortugalbyPrincessCatherinespreadsacrossthewholeroyalfamily.

Itisimpossibletopinpointexactlywhenteaisfirstservedasanafternooneventthattakesplacebetweenmiddayluncheonandeveningdinner.Routinesvariedgreatlybetweencities,countriesandclasses,dependingontheindividual'sactivities.Butthereisnodoubtthatsometimeinthelate1830sandearly1840s,drinkingteaintheafternoonisdevelopedintoanewsocialevent.TheacceptedtealegendalwaysattributestheinventionofafternoonteatoAnnaRussel.In1840s,thetraditionofafternoonteaiscoincidentlyinventedbyAnnaRussell,theseventhDuchessofBedford.Atthattime,peopleofupperclassusuallyhavesupperataround8o’clockintheevening.ButAnnabeginstofeelhungryatround4intheafternoon.Thisleavesheragoodlongtimeof4hours.Therefore,shetellstheservanttobringatrayoftea,bread,butterandcaketoherroomduringthelateafternoon.Itbecomesahabitofhers.Soon,sheinvitesherfriendstojoinher.Afternoonteaisfavoredbymostwomen,becausetheyhaveareasontogettogetherandkilltheleisuretimeinamoremeaningfulway.ThenthewomenofthearistocracydothesameintheirhomeasAnnadoes.Laterdrinkingafternoonteabecomesafashionablesocialevent,providingaplaceforpeopletomeetnewfriendsandgetnewinformation.

FeaturesofBritishafternoontea

TheVictoriaEraisthemostpowerfultimeoftheBritishEmpire,whencultureandartarevigorouslydeveloped.Atthattime,peoplepursuetheexquisitelifestyle,andtheafternoonteaisnotanexception.

TheconventionaltimeofhavingafternoonteainVictoriaEraisatfourO’clock.Menwearswallow-tailedcoatsandwomenchangeintolonggowns,glovesandhats——theyarethemostclassicaldressinginVictorianteaparty.IntheannualafternoonteapartyheldinBuckinghamPalacetoday,thecostumesofpeoplekeepthestyleofVictorianEra.Menarestillinswallow-tailedcoatsandtop-hats,holdingumbrellasintheirhands;womenareinbeautifuldressandhats.

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