初中形容词知识点总结.docx
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初中形容词知识点总结
I.限定用法(定语)
a.形容词(一个字)+名词
1.Theoldmanlivedinasmallvillage.
2.Hiselderbrotherisafamousmusician.
b.名词+形容词(~thing,~body,~one等,两个字或以上的形容词片语和子句)
1.Iwanttodrinksomethingcold.
2.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’spaper
3.Idon’tlikeridingontrainsfullofpeople.
rideontrain搭乘火车
4.Hetriedtoclimbafencetwometershigh.
5.Heisaboy(whois)fiveyearsold.
Heisafive-year-oldboy.
2.叙述用法(表语)
a.主词补语
1.Seawatertastessalty.
2.Therainbowisverybeautiful.
b.受词补语
1.You’llfindthebookdifficult.
2.Ileftthewindowsopen.使开着(adj.)
Iletthewindowsbeopened.使被打开(v.)
重点
a.只能用限定用法的形容词(定语形容词)
only
mere只~
main
wooden
upper上面的
inner里面的
Live/living
daily
lone孤单的,古语
1.Thisisawoodenhouse.
2.Heisamerechild.他不过是孩子
b.只能用叙述用法(表语形容词)
alive
alone
afraid
asleep
awake
well
content
glad
aware
1.I’mafraidofdog.
2.Thebabyisstillasleep.
3.Areyouawareofyourmistakes
限定用法和叙述用法意思不同的形容词
1.Imetacertainlady.某一个
Itisquitecertain.确定
2.Heismypresentassistant.目前
Heispresenttoday.出席absent缺席
3.ThelateMr.Smithwasanableman.已故
Hewaslateforthemeeting.迟到
4.Shegavemeafondlook.温柔的
Iamveryfondoficecream.喜欢
3.形容词的位置:
1)形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
1
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时
nobodyabsent,everythingpossible
2
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后
thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible
3
alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置
theonlypersonawake
4
和空间、时间、单位连用时
abridge50meterslong
5
成对的形容词可以后置
ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful
6
形容词短语一般后置
amandifficulttogetonwith
2)多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:
代词
数词
性状形容词
冠词前的形容词
冠词
指示代词
不定代词
代词所有格
序数词
基数词
性质
状态
大小
长短
形状
新旧
温度
颜色
国籍
产地
材料
质地
名词
all
both
such
the
a
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
3)复合形容词的构成:
1
形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted
6
名词+形容词
world-famous
2
形容词+形容词
dark-blue
7
名词+现在分词
peace-loving
3
形容词+现在分词
ordinary-looking
8
名词+过去分词
snow-covered
4
副词+现在分词
hard-working
9
数词+名词+ed
three-egged
5
副词+过去分词
newly-built
10
数词+名词
twenty-year
复合形容词有下列五类
1.形容词-连缀动词的现在分词
agood-lookingman
形容词-及物动词的过去分词
awhite-paintedwall
2.名词-现在分词(主动)
apeace-lovingpeople
名词-过去分词(被动)
ahand-madecake
3.副词-现在分词(主动)
arapidly-movingtornado
副词-过去分词(被动)
awell-behavedboy
behavevt.[后接修饰词语]使(自己)表现得,使(自己)举止…
例句:
hebehaveshimselfwell.
4.名词-名词ed
ababy-facedgirl
形容词-名词ed
aopen-mindedleader
5.数词-名词ed
atwo-headedmonster
athree-leggedtable
asecond-handcar.
three-minute
first-class一流的
three-year-old
ten-meter-long
4.特别注意的形容词用法
a.不能以人为主词的形容词
dangerous,difficult,hard,easy,useful,useless,tough,convenient,important,necessary,regrettable遗憾的,natural,possible
貌似这些形容词都是人做某事才能体现
只能用Itbe形容词for人toV
1.Itisnecessaryforyoutoseeadoctor.
2.Isitpossibleforyoutoattendthemeeting
b.以人为主词的形容词都是与情绪有关的形容词
angry,ashamed,delighted,disappointed,excited,glad,happy,proud,sorry,thankful
1.Wewereexcitedaboutthebaseballgame.
Thegamewasexcitingforus.
c.The+形容词
1.Thericharenotalwayshappy.
2.Wesearchforthetrue,thegood,andthebeautiful.
d.形容词的副词用法
1.Itisburninghot.天气热的厉害
2.Itisfreezingcold.
3.Theyweredeadasleep.睡得很熟
5.数量形容词
a.many/much
1.doyouhavemanybooksinyourstudy
2.They’vespentmuchmoneyonadverting.
否定句中的notmany/much可译成[不太多]
1.Thisgardendoesn’thavemanytrees.
2.Mysonhasn’tmademuchmoney.
口语中,可用alotof,lotsof,plentyof+可数/不可数代替many/much
1.Therewerealotof/lotsof/plentyofpeopleintheshop.
2.Sheatealotof/lotsof/plentyoficecream.
Alargenumberof=largenumbersofnumber中文有[数数]的意思,故后接可数名词
Alargeamountof=largeamountofamount指[量],故后接不可数名词
b.afew/few
afew=some
few=notmany(几乎没有)表否定,不可和not同时出现
1.Thereareafewvegetablesintherefrigerator.
2.Fewpeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.几乎没有
c.alittle/little
alittle=some
little=notmuch几乎没有
1.Ihavealittlemoneywithme.
2.Weneedlittlebuttertomakethiscake.
3.Thelittleofhisworkthatremainsshouldbedonewithinatoday.
口语中,可用notmany/hardlyany代替few
可用notmuch/hardlyany代替little
1.Therewerenotmany/hardlyanypeopleinthepark.
2.Thereisnotmuch/hardlyanydangerofanearthquake.
d.some/any
some的用法
1.肯定句
SomestudentstakelessonsinSpanish.语言前用in
2.表示邀请的疑问句
Won’tyouhavesomemoretea
Any的用法
1.用于疑问句和否定句
--Doyouhaveanyquestion
--Yes,Ihavesomequestions.
--No,Idon’thaveanyquestions.
2.用于表示[任何~(皆可)]之意的肯定句
Youmaycomeanytime.
3.用于条件句(if子句)
Askhimifyouhaveanydoubt.