非谓语动词讲解超全超实用.docx
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非谓语动词讲解超全超实用
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词:
a.动词不定式b.v-ingc.过去分词
概述：
1.谓语动词：
在句子中担任谓语的动词
2.非谓语动词：
是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。
Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.
Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.
动词不定式
一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号（to）加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种：
1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.
2.进行式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.
3.完成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.
4.被动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.
5.完成被动式tohavebeendone
Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.
疑问词+动词不定式
What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
二.动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
（1）不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
Toseeistobelieve．
Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
（2）注：
常用it做形式主语，将todo位于之后，使句子保持平衡。
句型1：
It+谓语+（+sb.）+时间/金钱+todo
Ittakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.
Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.
Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.
句型2：
It’s+n.（+forsb）+todo
It’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..
Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.
句型3：
Itis+adj（+forsb）todosth（是形容事物的性质的）
Itis+adj（+ofsb）todosth（是形容人的品质的）
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.
It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
疑问词+不定式作主语
Whentostartremainsundecided.
1.Itiseasytogettherebybusortaxi.
2.Ittakesabout3hourstoseeallthebirds.
3.Itisalsoimpolitetospeakwithyourmouthfullwhenyouareeating.
4.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.
5.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework
6.Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.
7.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.
8.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.
9.It’snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.
10.Itisusefulforourhealthtodomorningexercises.
II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere
（1）常见动词有：
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等
Theywanttoget_（get）onthebus,didn’tthey
Hesaidhewished__tobe（be）aprofessor.
（2）it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．
Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.
thought_it__better__to_startearly.
youconsider_it__betternot_to_go
3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat.
thinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.
know_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
（3）疑问词+不定式作宾语
常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…
Hetaughtushowtousethetool.
Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.
（4）作介词but,except,besides的宾语。
Can’tchoosebutdo
Can’thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodo
Donothingbutdo
Practice:
1.WouldyouliketogotoThailand（wouldliketodosth.）
2.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.
3.Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.
4.Doyouknowhowtoplayfootball
5.Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.
6.Herearesomeideasabouthowtofindcheap,funthingstodowithyourfamilyonweekends.
7.Manypeopleliketogotoarestaurant.
8.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.
9.Everyonewantstohaveahappyweekend.
10.ShehopeI’lladviseherwhichtochoose.
III.作宾语补足语
1.I’llgetsomeone_to__repairtherecorderforyou.
2.Whatcausedhim_to__changehismind
v.+sb.+todo
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo
注意：
（1）在动词feel（一感），hear,listento（二听），have,let,make（三使），notice,see,watch,observe,lookat（五看）（即：
吾看三室两厅一感觉）等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
v.+sb.+do
Let’sgotoThailandrightnow.（letsb.dosth.）
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.（seesb.dosth.）
Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
Heisoftenheardtosing（sing）thesong.
Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry（cry）.Todayhewasmadetocry（cry）byhisdeskmate.（makesb.dosth.）
（2）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim（to）cleantheroom.[helpsb.（to）dosth.]
Ihelpedhim（to）findhisthings.
比较：
Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.
Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.
Practice:
1.Nooneletsyousitintheoffice.
2.Iwantyoutoknowsomerules.
3.Iheardhersingtoday.Shesangwonderful.
4.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.
5.Doyoufeelthehouseshake
bossmadetheworkersworkfor12hoursaday.
7.Weweremadetomaketensentenceswiththesewords.
8.I’mwaitingforTomtogivetheanswer.
9.Wouldyoulikehersingasongforus
10.Didanyonenoticeastrangemancomeintothebank
IV．作定语
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.（不定式作定语）
1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.
Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.
Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.
2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容
Ihavenochancetogothere.
Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.
Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.
3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系
Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday
OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.
不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词
Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.
Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
Practice:
1.Eachmembercanchooseafilmfortheeveningtowatchtogether.
2.Hesatdownatatableandwaitedforsomeonetotakehisorder.
thisthebestwaytohelphim
4.Pleasegivemesomethingtodrink.
5.Shehasachildtotakecareof.
6.Heisnotthekindofmantodosuchthings.
7.Itisalreadytimetobeginourclass.
8.Thankyouforgivingmethechancetomakethespeech.
9.Sheboughtabookshelftoputherbookson.
aretheonlypersontobelate.
V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。
Icameheretoseeyou．（目的）
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews．（原因）
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.（结果）
（1）作目的状语表示谓语动作的目的，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用
inorderto+V.（原形）
soasto+V.（原形）
但soasto不用于句首。
Thestudentsavedmuchmoneytobuyanewmobilephone.
Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.
=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.
Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanceddiettosatisfy（satisfy）theirnutritionalneeds.
（2）作结果状语
不定式作结果状语时，多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only.
Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.
Wecamehometofindourgardenneatandtidy.
不定式作结果状语时，常用于so…asto…,such…asto…,enoughto…,too…to…,onlyto…等结构中。
如：
Shewassolatetomisshalfofthelecture.
Sheissuchagoodteacherastoberepectedbyallherstudents.
Thehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeople.
Thehatistoolargetowear.
Hewalkstooslowlytogetthereontime.
（3）作原因状语。
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。
这类形容词主要有:
happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,dissapointed等。
Theyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.
Shewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromoted.
Practice:
’mgladtoshowyouaroundthezooonsuchabeautifulday.
2.Whenpeoplearetootiredtocookafterwork,theyoftengeta“takeaway”.
3.Tartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.
4.Onedayhewenttoacafeteriatohavelunch.
5.Iamtootiredtothinkofanythingnow.
workhardtopasstheexam.
couldn’tdothattosaveyourlife.
8.Theteaistoohottodrink.
9.Englishistoodifficultformetolearn.
10.Thisquestionistoohardformetoanswer.
Ⅵ.作表语
动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语。
（1）常说明主语的内容、性质、特征
Mywishistobecomeateacher.
Yourjobtodayistocleantheplayground.
Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltoyourself.
Mysuggestionistoputoffthemeeting.
（2）动词不定式作表语，表示将来
Theyaretomarrynextweek.
Youaretodelivertheseflowersbefore10
疑问词+不定式作表语
Thequestioniswheretogetthemedicine.
Thedifficultyishowtodothemostofworkwiththeleastofmoney.
Practice
1.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.
2.ThenextstepistoturnontheTV.
3.Thepurposeofeducationistodevelopafinepersonalityinchildren.
4.Nowmytaskistofinishthecomposition.
5.Thequestionwashowtodothejobwell.
不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.
Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.
Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.
Theboxisnoteasytocarry.
动词不定式综合练习
wanttogiveupthisjobbutIhavetosupportmyfamily.
2.ItwillbedifficulttolivelikethisaftertheytakebackthehousenextJuly.
3.Ittookme3daystolearntheEnglishsong.
4.Thepassagetellsyouwhattodointhefirstfewminutes.
5.Everyoneshouldknowhowtocallforhelpintheirarea.
6.Theteachersalsohelpthemtodothesethings.
7.Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.
8.Whichofthemwouldyoumostliketovisit
9.Ifeelitmydutytohelpothers.
10.Theearthisbetterplacetoliveon,butscientistsaretryingtomakethebestuseofthemoon.
11.Thebirthdaychildwearsnewclothestomarkthespecialtime.
12.Aflagisflownoutsideawindowtoshowthatsomeonewholivesinthathouseishavingabirthday.
13.ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.
14.Somethingisstilltofindout.
16.Howtomakerequestspolitelyisimportant.
17.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouaretosucceed.
18.Itwasnecessaryforhertotalkwithhismother.
19.Asyoungadults,itisourdutyt
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