专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集浙江大学出版社18篇完形填空.docx

专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集浙江大学出版社18篇完形填空.docx

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专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集浙江大学出版社18篇完形填空

自测1

Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposeyouwantedtobuyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,fromanadvertisement.

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!

Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrain?

Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?

Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisentirelyduetothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostprovidingwehadtopayitsfullprice!

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe“smallads.”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!

Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

自测2

AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1904,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:

Thedamageanddeathtoll（死亡人数）couldhavebeenmuchworse.

Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.

InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:

31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighways.Moreover,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.

Forallthegoodnews,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints（蓝图）forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.

Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake'svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.

自测3

Itcan,ofcourse,bearguedthatthoughthevastmajorityofpeoplecontributetothefundsofsocialsecurityequally,working-classpersonsaremorelikelytoreceivesocialsecuritybenefitsthanupper-classpersons.Thisistrueforthosebenefitswhichcanbeclassedasbeingforformsof“diswelfare”,touseTitmuss’sterm,i.e.aformofmonetarycompensationforthehardshiptheysufferthroughtheoperationofthesocialandeconomicsystem-benefitsforindustrialdisability,unemploymentandillnessaswellassupplementarybenefits.Itisnot,however,trueofretirementpensionsandtheyafterallaccountforatleasthalftheexpenditureofsocialsecuritywidelydefined.Sinceretirementpensionsarepaidtoallwhohavepaidthenecessarynumberofcontributionstheyinvolveanegativeformofverticalredistributionofincome—fromthepoortotherich—becauseretiredpersonsofhigherincomegroupslivelongerthanthoseoflowerincomegroups.Thisisofcrucialimportancebecauseallthestudiessofarhaveexaminedthequestionoftheredistributiveeffectsofsocialsecuritywithinalimitedincomeperiod-atmostduringaperiodoftwelvemonths.Itisnotsurprisingthereforethattheyreachedtheconclusionthatsocialsecuritybenefitsthepoorattheexpenseoftherich.Hadtheyexaminedthequestionoveramuchlongerperiod,preferablyoverthewholelifecycle,theywouldhavereachedadifferentconclusion.Ifonealsotakesintoaccountthefactthatoccupationalbenefitsforretirement,widowhoodandsicknessstronglyfavourthemiddleandupperclasses,thenthecombinedope