专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集浙江大学出版社18篇完形填空.docx

1、专业学位研究生英语水平自测习题集浙江大学出版社18篇完形填空自测1A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Suppose you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is mo

2、re than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just t

3、hink what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bylaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a d

4、ifference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so li

5、ttle for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is entirely due to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost providing we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads.”which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. Wh

6、at a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It s the best advertisement for advertising there is!自测2Aft

7、er the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1904, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数)could have been much worse.More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25, 000

8、 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. Moreover, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the citys buildings and hig

9、hways, making them more resistant to quakes. For all the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints (蓝图) for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take p

10、lace. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vi

11、brations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in t

12、he opposite direction. 自测3It can, of course, be argued that though the vast majority of people contribute to the funds of social security equally, working-class persons are more likely to receive social security benefits than upper-class persons. This is true for those benefits which can be classed

13、as being for forms of “diswelfare”, to use Titmusss term, i.e. a form of monetary compensation for the hardship they suffer through the operation of the social and economic system-benefits for industrial disability, unemployment and illness as well as supplementary benefits. It is not, however, true

14、 of retirement pensions and they after all account for at least half the expenditure of social security widely defined. Since retirement pensions are paid to all who have paid the necessary number of contributions they involve a negative form of vertical redistribution of incomefrom the poor to the

15、richbecause retired persons of higher income groups live longer than those of lower income groups. This is of crucial importance because all the studies so far have examined the question of the redistributive effects of social security within a limited income period-at most during a period of twelve

16、 months. It is not surprising therefore that they reached the conclusion that social security benefits the poor at the expense of the rich. Had they examined the question over a much longer period, preferably over the whole life cycle, they would have reached a different conclusion. If one also takes into account the fact that occupational benefits for retirement, widowhood and sickness strongly favour the middle and upper classes, then the combined ope