英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案.docx
《英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案.docx(52页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案
(英语)高一英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:
ScientistA:
IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld'sproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.
ScientistB:
Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongtermmachinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.
ScientistC:
I'mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskullsandthinkofwhat'shappeningrightnow:
militarymachineslikedrones,gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.
(1)WhatisScientistBworriedabout?
A. AItechnologywilldestroytheearth. B. Computerscan'tthinkbythemselves.
C. Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans. D. Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?
A. IlaunchedthecampaigntoStopKillerRobots.
B. WeforgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.
C. “Murderbots”can'tdecidebythemselves.
D. “Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans'orders.
(3)WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?
A. ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.
B. TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.
C. “Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.
D. AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.
(4)Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?
A. ScientistA
B. ScientistB
C. ScientistsB&C
D. ScientistsB&A
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知,科学家B担心机器人会代替人类,造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。
故选C。
(2)考查代词指代。
由画线句上文内容可知,自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令,这将决定谁杀死谁,因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令,这将是非常不道德的,非常危险的。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知,机器人的发展会代替人类工作,造成人类失业。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知,科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多;根据第三段中的“thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知,科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇生活类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
NormanGarmezy,adevelopmentpsychologistattheUniversityofMinnesota,metthousandsofchildreninhisfourdecadesofresearch.Anine-year-oldboyinparticularstuckwithhim.Hehasanalcoholicmotherandanabsentfather.Buteachdayhewouldwalkintoschoolwithasmileonhisface.Hewantedtomakesurethat"noonewouldfeelpityforhimandnoonewouldknowhismother'sincompetence.”TheboyexhibitedaqualityGarmezyidentifiedas“resilience”.
Resiliencepresentsachallengeforpsychologists.Peoplewhoareluckyenoughtoneverexperienceanysortofadversity(逆境)won'tknowhowresilienttheyare.It'sonlywhenthey'refacedwithobstacles,stress,andotherenvironmentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,comesout.Somegiveinandsomeconquer.
Garmezy'sworkopenedthedoortothestudyoftheelementsthatcouldenableanindividual'ssuccessdespitethechallengestheyfaced.Hisresearchindicatedthatsomeelementshadtodowithluck,butquitelargesetofelementswaspsychological,andhadtodowithhowthechildrenrespondedtotheenvironment.Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallan“internallensofcontrol(内控点)”.Theybelievedthatthey,andnottheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.Theresilientchildrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.
CeorgeBonannohasbeenstudyingresilienceforyearsatColumbiaUniversity'sTeachersCollege.Hefoundthatsomepeoplearefarbetterthanothersatdealingwithadversity.Thisdifferencemightcomefromperception(认知)whethertheythinkofaneventastraumatic(创伤),orasanopportunitytolearnandgrow.“Stressful”or“traumatic”eventsthemselvesdon'thavemuchpredictivepowerwhenitcomestolifeoutcomes."Exposuretopotentiallytraumaticeventsdoesnotpredictlaterfunctioning,”Bonannosaid."It'sonlypredictiveifthere'sanegativeresponse.”Inotherwords,livingthroughadversitydoesn'tguaranteethatyou'llsuffergoingforward.
Thegoodnewsisthatpositiveperceptioncanbetaught."Wecanmakeourselvesmoreorlesseasilyhurtbyhowwethinkaboutthings,"Bonannosaid.InresearchatColumbia,theneuroscientistKevinOchsnerhasshownthatteachingpeopletothinkofadversityindifferentways--toreframeitinpositivetermswhentheinitialresponseisnegative,orinalessemotionalwaywhentheinitialresponseisemotionally“hot”---changeshowtheyexperienceandreacttotheadversity.
(1)Accordingtothepassage,resilienceisanindividual'sability________.
A. tothinkcritically B. todecideone'sownfate
C. toliveabetterlife
D. torecoverfromadversity
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?
A. Thepsychologists
B. Theresilientchildren
C. Positiveelements
D. Internallocusofcontrol
(3)AccordingtoParagraph4,wecanlearnthat____________.
A. yourpositiveperceptionmayturnadversityaround
B. stressfuleventsaremorepredictivethandelightfulevents
C. experiencingadversitypredictsthatyouwillgoonsuffering
D. anegativeresponsedoesn'tguaranteeyouwillsufferallthetime
(4)Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?
A. Toteachpeoplehowtoberesilient
B. Toencouragepeopletolivethroughadversity
C. Toindicatepeople'sperceptionvariesfromeachother
D. Tocomparedifferentresearchfindingsaboutresilience
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。
文章介绍了一种品质:
韧性(resilience)。
文章介绍了什么是韧性,韧性的作用,如何培养韧性等内容。
(1)推理判断题。
由第二段中的“Peoplewhoareluckyenoughtoneverexperienceanysortofadversity(逆境)won'tknowhowresilienttheyare.It'sonlywhenthey'refacedwithobstacles,stress,andotherenvironmentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,comesout.Somegiveinandsomeconquer”可知,那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。
只有当他们面对障碍,压力等逆境时,他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。
有的人向逆境屈服,有的人成功度过了逆境。
由此可知,那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。
韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。
故答案选D。
(2)词义猜测题。
由第三段中的“Theresilientchildrenhadwhatpsychologistscallan“internallensofcontrol(内控点)”.Theybelievedthatthey,andnottheircircumstances,affectedtheirachievements.Theresilientchildrensawthemselvesasthearrangersoftheirownfates.”可知,那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。
他们认为他们影响了自己的成就,而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。
这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。
由此可知,they指的就是theresilientchildren。
故答案选B。
(3)推理判断题。
由第四段中的“Hefoundthatsomepeoplearefarbetterthanothersatdealingwithadversity.Thisdifferencemightcomefromperception(认知)whethertheythinkofaneventastraumatic(创伤),orasanopportunitytolearnandgrow.”可知,一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。
这种差别来自他们的认知。
如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会,对此做出积极的反应,那么,他们就能很好的处理逆境。
反之,如果他们做出消极的反应,那么,他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。
由此可以推知,积极的认知可以改变逆境,使情况朝着好的方向发展。
故答案选A。
(4)写作意图题。
文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。
第二段解释了什么是resilience,第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明,当面对逆境的时候,韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境,关键在于要有积极的认知。
第五段强调,积极的认知是可以学习的。
故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性:
用积极的态度去对待逆境。
故答案选A。
【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧:
根据文体类别推断写作目的
(1)写作目的(toentertainreaders)常见于故事类的文章。
(2)写作目的(topersuadereaders)常见于广告类的文章。
在这样的文章中,作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务(tosellaproductoraservice),或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的:
吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等(toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience)(3)写作目的(toinformreaders)多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章,了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握,阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句,或较好地对主题加以归纳。
3.阅读理解
TheMalteseIslandsarerichinNeolithic(新石器时代的)sites.GgantijainGozo,Tarxien,andtheHagarQim/MnajdraComplexhereonMalta'ssouthcoastareperhapsthemostwell-known.Thesepilesofstonesaresomeoftheearliestknownmanmadestructuresintheworld.T