教师版 任务型阅读专项训练.docx

教师版 任务型阅读专项训练.docx

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教师版任务型阅读专项训练

华罗庚中学任务型阅读专题教学案

Step1TypesofTask-basedreading

见考试说明

Step2MethodsofTask-basedreading

1.观察表格，判断词性和搭配

2.寻找出处，对号入座

3.整合信息，分析归纳

4.判断用词，准确表达

5.通观全文，复读检查

Haveyoueverbeensoabsorbedinaconversationatapartythatyoufailedtonoticethatsomeonenewisstandingonlysixinchesawayfromyou,tryingtogetyourattention?

It’spossiblethatyouweresodistractedthatyoudidn’tnoticesomeoneapproachingyou.Butit’salsoentirelylikelythatyouwereexperiencingchangeblindness.

Changeblindnessisaphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonisunabletonoticevisualchangesintheirenvironment,despitethefactthattheyareoftenratherobvious.Incasesofchangeblindness,thepersonisn’tfailingtonoticesmallorinsignificantchanges,butwillprobablymissbigchanges,likesomeonestandingnexttothemwavingtheirhand.

Earlyexperimentswithchangeblindnessfocusedlargelyonmemoryandperceptionwhenviewingpictures.Forexample,apersonmightbeshownaphotographofastreetsceneinEgyptandtoldtomemorizetheimage.Followingthat,theywouldbeshownthesamepicturewithcertainelementsaddedortakenawayandaskedtoidentifywhat’sdifferent.Veryoftentheindividualcouldrecallthelargeraspectsofthepicturebutcouldn’trecognizethesmallerchanges.

Inthe1990s,researcherDanielSimonsconductedafascinatingstudyintochangeblindnessthatmanypeoplefindunbelievable.InSimons’study,heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople,withaparticularfocusonthebasketballitself.Whentheexperimentwasover,Simonsfoundthatalargenumberofparticipantsweresofocusedonwatchingthebasketballbeingpassedaroundthattheyfailedtonoticeamaninagorillasuitjumpingaroundinfrontofthecamera.

It’simportanttonotethatthechangeinSimons’videowasn’tsubtle;thegorillaisveryobviouslytakingupmuchoftheframe.Simonsconcludedthatparticipantswereexperiencinginattentionalblindness,whichiswhenapersonfailstonoticeamajorchangebecausetheyaresofocusedonanothertask.Inthiscase,becauseparticipantswereaskedtofocusonthemovementofthebasketball,theirbrainsprioritizedthattaskinordertodoitproperly,therebymissingtheotherthingshappeninginthevideo.

InthecaseofSimons’study,participantsengagedwhat’sreferredtoasattentionalselection,whichiswhenapersonselectscertainthingstofocusoninordertoachieveataskandfiltersoutanythingthatisunrelatedtotheobjective.

Thereareanumberoftheoriesaboutwhatcausesaperson’sinabilitytorecognizeobviouschangesintheirenvironment,butmostagreethatthephenomenonisrelatedtosensoryprocessing.Broadlyspeaking,ourbrainshavealimitedcapacitytodetectandprocesseverythinginourenvironment.Instead,whatthebraindoesischoosecertainthingstoprocess,evaluate,andstore,whichallowsotherthingstobemissedorfilteredout.

Insimpleterms,changeblindnesshasagreatdealtodowithwhereapersondirectstheirattention.Inthecaseofthegorillaandthebasketball,peoplefocusedtheirattentionalmostexclusivelyononething,whichcausedthemtomissotherelementsorchanges.Giventhatattentionisoftenattherootofchangeblindness,aperson’sageormentalandphysicalhealthcaninfluencehowwelltheywillnoticechangesinstimuli.

Step3Beforereading

观察表格，判断词性和搭配（填出两类答案：

左边：

总结概括词右边：

固定搭配）

ChangeBlindness

1._________ofchangeblindness

Changeblindnessisasurprisingperceptualphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonrecognizesminorchangesinsceneswhilelargechangesgo2.________.

Experimentswithchangeblindness

●Themain3.________ofearlyexperimentswasmemoryandperception.

●Individualswerefoundtobe4._________atrecallingthesmallerdetailsinthesamepicturepreviouslyshowntothem.

Researchinthe1990s

●InSimons’study,participantswereaskedtopayspecialattentiontothe5.__________basketball,duringwhichtimeamanwearingagorillasuitunexpectedlywalkedthroughthescene.

●Contrarytopopularbelief,withtheirattentionfixedonthebasketball,manyparticipantsreportedthatthe“gorilla”6._________theirnotice.

●Itisconcludedthatparticipantsfailtorecognizesomethingbigbutunrelatedtotheobjectivewhentheirbrainsareprogrammedtoconsidersometaskasatop7.____________.

8.________ofchangeblindness

●Thebrainmakes9._________aboutwhattobedealtwithbecauseofitslimitedcapacity.

●Althoughattentionisclosely10._________tochangeblindness,ageandhealthareotherfactorsthatplayarole.

Step4Whilereading

Ⅰ.寻找出处，对号入座

Newresearchsays35percentofchilddeathsworldwidearecausedbyhunger.Theresearchcomesfrompoortomiddle-incomecountriesinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.

Title:

Anewresearch

Theme

__________ischildren’sbiggestkiller.

Ⅱ.整合信息，分析归纳

Practice1:

Partofspeech/formation词性/词形转换

⑴Beresponsibleforyourownlearning.

→Take_______________forone’sownlearning.

⑵Thefourthstepistosummarizewhatyou’veheard.

→Givea_______________ofwhatthepersonhassaid.

⑶WithoutvitaminB,wecouldbeweakandwouldnotgrowfast.

→TheproblemscausedbylackofvitaminBare_____________andslowgrowth.

Practice2:

Synonymandantonym同义词和反义词转换

⑴Understandingisusuallyachievedandadifficultpersonbecomeslessdifficultandmorecooperative.

→Adifficultpersonwillbe____________tocooperatewithifunderstandingisachieved.

⑵Agrowingnumberofparentsaretravellingabroadwithkids.

→Thereisan_____________numberoffamiliestravellingabroadwithkids.

⑶Childrenactmorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.

→Childrentoday____________asiftheywereadults.

Practice3:

Prefixandsuffix前缀和后缀转换

⑴Manypeoplelosttheirhouses.

→Manypeoplebecame___________.

⑵Floatinggarbage,oldtires,piecesofpaper,popcansandbottlesarenotpleasanttolookat.

→Itcanbe____________tolookatbuteasytocleanandprevent.

⑶Theladywasnothappy.

→Theladywas_________.

Practice4:

Sentencestructure句子结构转换

⑴69%ofthepeoplewhoareinvolvedinthesurveyarestronglyinfavoroftheholidayproposal.

→69%ofthepeople_________inthesurveyarestronglyinfavoroftheholidayproposal.

⑵Ifyoucomparethisbagwithothers,you’llfinditisofhighquality.

→___________thisbagwithothers,you’llfinditisofhighquality.

⑶Inmostcountries,anexchangeofbusinesscardsisnecessaryforallintroductions.

→Exchangingbusinesscardswhen_____________yourself.

Practice5:

Paraphrase信息释义

⑴Hefinallymanagedtofindanapartmentnearhisoffice.

→Hefinally__________infindinganapartmentnearhisoffice.

⑵Changeblindnessisaphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonisunabletonoticevisualchangesinhis/herenvironment,despitethefactthathe/sheisoftenratherobvious.

→Changeblindnessisasurprisingperceptualphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonrecognizesminorchangesinsceneswhilelargechangesgo___________.

⑶InSimons’study,heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople,withaparticularfocusonthebasketballitself.

→InSimons’study,participantswereaskedtopayspecialattentiontothe__________basketball,duringwhichtimeamanwearingagorillasuitunexpectedlywalkedthroughthescene.

Ⅲ.判断用词，准确表达

1.信息归纳题

归纳词的特征：

常用高频词汇总结⑴

Title:

ChangeBlindness

_________ofchangeblindness

Changeblindnessisasurprisingperceptualphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonrecognizesminorchangesinsceneswhilelargechangesgo…

表定义：

常用高频词汇总结⑵

Becausesixoutofevery10accidentaldeathshappentoChinesechildrenwhoareplaying,ShanghaiJohnson&JohnsonPharmaceutical（SJJP）,aUS-basedpharmaceuticalgiant,isworkingonaSafeKidsProgramtopreventinjuriesanddeaths.

Title:

Safekidsprogram

__________

Theprogrammeisintendedtopreventaccidentalinjuriesanddeaths.

表意图、目的：

常用高频词汇总结⑶

Mostscientistsarenowcertainthatglobalwarmingistakingplace.Gasessuchascarbondioxideproducedbyburningofcoal,oil,wood,togetherwithindustrialpollution,arecreatingawarmblanketaroundtheearth.Thisblanketistrappingheatintheatmosphereandsoraisingthetemperatureoftheearth.

Title:

Globalwarming

__________

Gasesfromburningcoal,oil,andwoodwithindustrialpollution.

表原因：

表结果：

常用高频词汇总结⑷

CathyMoultonfromDiabetesUKsuggeststhatpeoplewithdiabetesdoaminimumof30minutesofappropriatephysicalactivityonatleastfivedaysoftheweek.

Title:

TaiChihelpscontroldiabetes

CathyMoulton’s__________

Forfivedaysaweek,peoplewithdiabetesshoulddoatleast30minutes’physicalactivity.

表建议：

常用高频词汇总结⑸

DoctorBlackHesaysthestudiesshowthatfoodprogramsneedtoplacethegreatestimportanceonthefirsttwoyearsoflife.Itishightimetheirdietswereimproved.DietsshouldincludefoodsrichinvitaminAandotherusefulvitaminsandminerals.Theresearcherssayearlyhelpsuchasthiscouldreducechilddeathsby25%.

Title:

Anewresearch

The__________tosavechildren

●Dietsshouldbeimproved.

●Dietsshouldcontainfoodwithrichvitaminsandminerals.

表方式、方法：

常用高频词汇总结⑹

Withoutproperplanning,tourismcancauseproblems.Forexample,toomanytouristscancrowdpublicplacesthatarealsoenjoyedbytheinhabitantsofacountry.Iftouristscreatetoomuchtraffic,theinhabitantsbecomeannoyedandunhappy.Theybegintodisliketouristsandtotreatthemimpolitely.

Advantages

●Developingeconomy…

●Keepthe