新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译.docx
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新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译
HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4
Unit1
Activereading
(1)
Lookingforajobafteruniversity?
First,getoffthesofa
Backgroundinformation
Aboutthepassage:
ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedinSeptember2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008–2009becausetheeconomicdownturn–thenarecession–meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneedhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).
Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?
UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeant
thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactivetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:
theywon’tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.
Culturepoints
honoursdegree:
Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawardedindifferentcategories:
afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled“atwoone”and“atwotwo”),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.
GenerationYandGrunt:
ThemainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsorcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946–1960),followedby“GenerationX”people(born1960–1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem.“GenerationY”orthe“MillenialGeneration”(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicnamereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork–thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmoresuitable.“Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords–thismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!
AcomprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools”andmoregeneral“secondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic–comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.
ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco(TheCrazyChicken’inSpanish)–thejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.
Languagepoints
1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)
Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson’suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecouldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialevents–atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn’thaveajobanddoesn’tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.
2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.(Para2)
ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents’generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt–hedoesn’tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn’tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusroutingjob).
3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing‘toodetached’andtalkinginlanguagethatwas‘tootechnocratic’,whichIdidn’tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)
Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:
Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofatechnicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan’tunderstandthiscriticism.
4Fortherestitis9-to-5“chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)
Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing–theydon’tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkintheevening.
5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity…(Para6)
Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:
Yourbacksidemeansyourbottom–thepartofyourbodythatyousiton–toworkyourbacksideoffisinformalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.
6…buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)
Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).
7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon’tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)
TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents’moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyandemotions.Saptheirreservemeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.
8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.(Para12)
Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.
Readingandunderstanding
2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.
Teachingtips
GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(Seebelow).
1Whyhasn’tJackGoodwingotajobyet?
(a)Hedoesn’thaveaverygooddegree.
(No,hehasa2:
1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)
(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.
(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)
(c)Itisn’teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.
(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)
(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.
(No,hedoesn’tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:
hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)
2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?
(a)Doingatemporaryjob.
(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn’twanttodothis.)
(b)Watchingtelevision.
(HewatchesTValot.)
(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.
(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn’twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)
(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.
(No,hedoesn’tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)
3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?
(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.
(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)
(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.
(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)
(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.
(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelikeJack.)
(d)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.
(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnone