1、新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published in September 2008 in The Times, a long-est
2、ablished British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and in Britain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to university and therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job became harder in 20082009 becaus
3、e the economic downturn then a recession meant that many employers were reducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobs and then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. The article a
4、ddresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parents to be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if they need help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting
5、unemployed at home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but also of a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice to parents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduat
6、es?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% of young adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitive situation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch and economi
7、c depression, which meant that there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be active to seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and try to get job interviews: they wont find employment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degre
8、e: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awarded in different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into two subcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (wri
9、tten III) and a pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of study without these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations or cohorts of adults who come into the workforce in Nor
10、th America which are given different informal names to characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after World War II (19461960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 19601980) who were said to bring new attitudes of being independent, informal, e
11、ntrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career before them. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the new millenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by doting parents, to have stru
12、ctured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. In the passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic name referring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work this may be the only work available to some grad
13、uates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something more suitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig; when people “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words this may be how th
14、e parents of new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before that there were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who did not pass the grammar sc
15、hool entrance tests, but the comprehensive schools were designed for all students in a social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those students who went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backside
16、off) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like a giant chicken. Befo
17、re he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a job advertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken in Spanish) the job meant that he had to walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1
18、 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to the odd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their sons university fees and living expenses (so that he could eat well) and for occasional social events at graduation
19、 these memories of money were mostly forgotten because the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesnt have a job and doesnt seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt. (Pa
20、ra 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents generation who worked hard, got jobs, and had good careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt he doesnt seem to communicate much, lies around and doesnt get a job (or can only do a low status
21、 routing job).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being too detached and talking in language that was too technocratic, which I didnt think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection int
22、erviews: They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of a technical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in his language so he cant understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” bef
23、ore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill out all day (they spend their time casually relaxing they dont look for work) and go to pub for a drink in the evening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my ba
24、ckside off to go to a good university (Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so he had to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom the part of your body that you sit on to work your backside off
25、is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she does not have
26、 relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve of emotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should nei
27、ther let theirchildren spend the parents money unnecessarily, nor let the problem take away all their energy and emotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should
28、gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the other answers are wrong (See below).1 Why hasnt Jack Goodwin got a j
29、ob yet?(a) He doesnt have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isnt easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true bu
30、t the passage does not mention this.)(d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesnt seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesnt w
31、ant to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didnt want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesnt seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his frien
32、ds spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be like Jack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none
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