华农微生物题库英文22page.docx

华农微生物题库英文22page.docx

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华农微生物题库英文22page

Test1:

DevelopmentofMicrobiology

■MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Thefundamentalunitofalllivingorganismsisthe:

■.membrane■.cell

■.nucleus■.cellwall

2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:

■.fungi■.eukaryotic

■.prokaryotic■.nankaryotic

3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystemoforganismswasproposedby:

■.Pasteur■.Bacon

■.Winogradsky■.Woese

4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.

■.chitin■.phospholipid

■.protein■.glucosamine

5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:

■.Ehrlich■.Metchnikoff

■.Leewenhoek■.Lister

6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibioticiscreditedto:

■.Lister■.Fleming

■.Ehrlich■.Koch

7.Theterm"antibiotic"means:

■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells

8.ThefirstdocumenteduseofavaccineforsmallpoxwasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:

■.Lister■.Florey

■.Fleming■.Jenner

9.Activeimmunitycanbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:

■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens

■.developmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody

■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

10.TheprocessofnitrificationbybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:

■.ammoniatonitrateions

■.nitrateionstoammonia

■.N2toammonia■.ammoniatourea

11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvectorisreferredtoas:

■.electroporation■.conjugation

■.transformation■.transduction

12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:

■.RNA■.DNA

■.protein■.lipid

■FillintheBlank

1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled_______

2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_______

3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the_______andthe_______.

4._______areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.

5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:

arecalled_______.

6.______aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.

7.______requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.

8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas______.

9.______areorganismsthatproducemethanefromCO2.

10.______organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.

11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:

a.______b.______c.______d.______

12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:

_______.

13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof_______.

14.Virusesconsistof______surroundedbyaproteincoat.

15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoningandobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_____.

16.Thetheory_______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.

17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganismsbymoderateheatingiscalled:

_______.

18.Theprocessoftyndallizationusesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor_______microorganismsfromsolutions.

19.An_______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.

20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas_______.

21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulfforeignparticlesarereferredtoas______.

22.Asubstanceinserumthatcanneutralizeforeignmaterialisreferredtoas______or______.

23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled______thatinhibitsviralreplication.

24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedthattransformationofnonpathogenictopathogenicstrainsofbacteriacouldbecarriedoutbythetransferof______.

25.Exchangeofgeneticinformationbydirectcontactisreferredtoas______.

26.______istheprocessinwhichDNAistransferredfromonebacteriatoanother.

■Matching

l.FrancisBacona.phagocytosis

2.AntonLeeuwenhoekb.antibody

3.PaulEhrlichc.nitrification

4.HansGramd.immunization

5.LouisPasteure.threekingdomclassificationbasedonrRNA

6.RobertKochf.structureofDNA

7.JosephListerg.firstmicroscope

8.AlexanderFlemingh.conjugationortransduction

9.EdwardJenneri.differentialstainforbacteria

10.EliMetchnikoffj.interferon

11.EmilvonBehringk.rabiesvaccine

12.AlickIsaacs1.penicillin

13.SergeiWinogradskym.antiseptictechnique

14.JoshuaLederbergn.establishedthatbacteriacancausedisease

15.WatsonandCricko.magicbullet

16.CarlWoesep.scientificmethod

1.p2.g3.o4.i5.k6.n7.m8.l9.d10.a11.b12.j13.c14.h15.f16.e

Test2:

MethodsforStudyingMicroorganisms

■MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Lightmicroscopyisdependentontheinteractionoflightwithonobject.Theabilityoflighttopassthroughanobjectisreferredtoas:

■.transportedlight■.transmittedlight

■.reflectedlight■.refractedlight

2.Theresolvingpower（R）ofamicroscopeisdependentonthewavelengthoflight（;~）andthenumericalaperture（NA）ofthelens.TheformulaforRis:

■.R=0.5~.xNA

■.R=0.5;~/NA

■.R=NA/0.5Jr

■.R=Squarerootof0.5）./NA

3.Thegramstainuses~asamordanttofixtheprimarystain:

■.iodine■.alcohol

■.acetone■.safranin

4.Theacid-faststainisusefulintheidentificationofwhichofthefollowingorganisms:

■.Staphylococcusaureus

■.Mycoplasmamycoides

■.Mycobacteriatuberculosis

■.Moraxellaosloensis

5.Botulismisaseriousdiseasethatcandevelopfromtheimpropercookingoffoodcontainingbacterialspores.Whichofthefollowinggeneraarecapableofproducingspores?

■.Salmonella■.Listeria

■.Escherichia■.Clostridia

6.Whichofthefollowingtypesofmicroscopesutilizeselectronbeamstovisualizeobjects?

■.Nomarski■.TEM

■.PCM■.Confocal

7.Amixtureoforganismswasisolatedfromapatientsuspectedofhaving"StrepThroat."Whichtypeofmediawouldyouusetoisolatethesuspectedpathogen?

■.defined■.enriched

■.selective■.differential

8.Sterilizationofmaterialwithanautoclaveutilizessteamtokillmicroorganisms.Thecorrectprocedureforsterilizationwithanautoclaveis:

■.15minat121℃at15lb/in2

■.15minat256℃at15lb/in2

■.15minat121℃at1lb/in2

■.15rainat121℃at30lb/in2

9.Anantibioticwasaddedtoacultureofbacteriatodetermineitseffect.Whatmethodofenumerationwouldyouusetodeterminetheefficacyoftheantibiotic?

■.directcount■.viablecount

■.turbidimetriccount■.absorbance

10.Identificationofmicroorganismscanbeaccomplishedbyanumberoftechniques.Whichofthefollowingrequiresthegrowthoftheorganism?

■.enzymelinkedassay

■.geneprobe

■.metabolic■.fluorescent

■FillintheBlank

1.Amediawherealltheingredientsareknowniscalleda______media.

2.______techniqueisusedtomaintainapurecultureandavoidcontamination.

3.Sterilizationinstrumentthatutilizessteamunderpressure:

_______.

4.A______plateutilizesalooporneedletodistributeandisolatecoloniesonacultureplate.

5.______identificationutilizesantibodiesfornamingofbacterialspecies.

6.Bacteriacanbepreservedforlongperiodsoftimebyfreeze-dryingor______.

7.Themrbidimetricmethodofcountingbacteriautilizesa______tomeasuretheamountoflightpassingthroughasolution.

8.Theviableplatecountcountslivebacterialcoloniesintherangeor______to______.

9.Acountingchamberandamicroscopeareusedinthe______countofbacteria.

10.The______techniqueutilizesalabeledcomplementarystrandofnucleicacidtoidentifyspecificbacteriainaspecimen.

■Matching

MatchingI:

l.Primarystainforgramstaina.Negativestain

2.Stainsbacterialcellb.Carbohlfuchsin

3.Usedtofixstainc.Crystalviolet

4.Decolorized.Malachitegreen

5.Sporestaine.Safranin

6.Acid-faststainf.Positivestain

7.Gram-bacteriatakeupthiscounterstaing.Alcohol

8.Stainsbackgroundh.Mordant

MatchingII:

1.Mediausedtoinhibitgrowthofunwantedorganismsa.Enrichment

2.Mediawhereallcomponentsarenotknownb.Selective

3.Mediausedtocontrastorganismsonsameplatec.Differential

4.Mediausedtoenhancegrowthd.Complex

MatchingI:

1.c2.f.3.h4.g5.d.6.b7.e8.a

MatchingII:

1.b2.d3.c4.a

Test3:

OrganizationandStructureofMicroorganisms

■MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Eukaryoticmembranescanbedifferentiatedfromprokaryoticmembranesbecauseeukaryoticmembranescontain____aspartofthelipidcomponentofthemembrane.

■.phosphates■.fattyacids

■.proteins■.sterols

2.Thearrangementofproteinsandlipidsinthemembraneisreferredtoasthe:

■.bilayermodel

■.fluidmosaicmodel

■.trilayermodel

■.permeablemodel

3.Themovementofwatermoleculesacrossthemembraneinresponsetoaconcentrationgradientisreferredtoas:

■.diffusion■.osmosis

■.translocation■.transport

4.Themembraneofacellisabletodifferentiatemoleculesthatenterorexitthecellandactasa____bar