华农微生物题库英文22page.docx

1、华农微生物题库英文22pageTest 1: Development of Microbiology Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. The fundamental unit of all living organisms is the: .membrane .cell .nucleus .cell wall 2. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as: .fungi .eukaryotic .prokaryotic .nankaryotic 3. The th

2、ree kingdom classification system of organisms was proposed by: .Pasteur .Bacon .Winogradsky .Woese 4. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composed of , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan. .chitin .phospholipid .protein .

3、glucosamine 5. The first microscopes were developed by: .Ehrlich .Metchnikoff .Leewenhoek .Lister 6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to: .Lister .Fleming .Ehrlich .Koch 7. The term a

4、ntibiotic means: .a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms .a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds .a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms .a substance produced by microorganisms that ki

5、lls or inhibits cancer cells 8. The first documented use of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physician: .Lister .Florey .Fleming .Jenner 9. Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires: .development of antibodies in ones own body by stimula

6、tion with external antibodies .development of antibodies in ones own body by stimulation with external antigens .development of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one s own body .development of antigens in ones own body by stimulation with external antibodies 10. The process of nitrificati

7、on by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts: .ammonia to nitrate ions .nitrate ions to ammonia .N2 to ammonia .ammonia to urea 11. The transfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to as: .electroporation .conjugation .transformation .transduction 12

8、. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule: .RNA .DNA .protein .lipid Fill in the Blank1. Organisms that contain a true nucleus are called_ 2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _ 3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _and the _. 4._ are organisms t

9、hat can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called _.6. _ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.7. _ require organic compounds for growth. 8. Organisms that survive only at v

10、ery high temperatures are referred to as_. 9. _ _ are organisms that produce methane from CO2.10. _organisms grow under conditions of high salinity.11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a._ b._ c._ d._12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bact

11、eria by the following characteristic:_ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _. 14. Viruses consist of _surrounded by a protein coat. 15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _. 16. The theory _of held that living organisms could

12、 arise from nonliving matter.17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating is called:_ .18. The process of tyndallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_ microorganisms from solutions. 19.An _is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills

13、other microorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_. 21. White blood cells that engulf foreign particles are referred to as_.22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as _or _.23. Cells infected with a virus produc

14、e a substance called _ that inhibits viral replication. 24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic to pathogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of _. 25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as_.26. _ is

15、the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another. Matching l. Francis Bacon a. phagocytosis 2. Anton Leeuwenhoek b. antibody 3. Paul Ehrlich c. nitrification 4. Hans Gram d. immunization 5. Louis Pasteur e. three kingdom classification based on rRNA 6. Robert Koch f. structure of

16、 DNA 7. Joseph Lister g. first microscope 8. Alexander Fleming h. conjugation or transduction 9. Edward Jenner i. differential stain for bacteria 10. Eli Metchnikoff j. interferon 11. Emil von Behring k. rabies vaccine 12. Alick Isaacs 1. penicillin 13. Sergei Winogradsky m. antiseptic technique 14.

17、 Joshua Lederberg n. established that bacteria can cause disease 15. Watson and Crick o. magic bullet 16. Carl Woese p. scientific method 1.p 2.g 3.o 4.i 5.k 6.n 7.m 8.l 9.d 10.a 11.b 12.j 13.c 14.h 15.f 16.e Test 2: Methods for Studying Microorganisms Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Light mic

18、roscopy is dependent on the interaction of light with on object. The ability of light to pass through an object is referred to as: .transported light .transmitted light .reflected light .refracted light 2. The resolving power (R) of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light (;) and the nu

19、merical aperture (NA) of the lens. The formula for R is: .R = 0.5. xNA .R = 0.5;/NA .R = NA/0.5Jr .R = Square root of 0.5)./NA 3. The gram stain uses as a mordant to fix the primary stain: .iodine .alcohol .acetone .safranin 4. The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the foll

20、owing organisms: .Staphylococcus aureus .Mycoplasma mycoides .Mycobacteria tuberculosis .Moraxella osloensis 5. Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of food containing bacterial spores. Which of the following genera are capable of producing spores? .Salmonella .Li

21、steria .Escherichia .Clostridia 6. Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects? .Nomarski .TEM .PCM .Confocal 7. A mixture of organisms was isolated from a patient suspected of having Strep Throat. Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspecte

22、d pathogen? .defined .enriched .selective .differential 8. Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. The correct procedure for sterilization with an autoclave is: .15 min at 121at 15 lb/in2 .15 min at 256 at 15 lb/in2 .15 min at 121at 1 lb/in2 .15 rain at 121

23、at 30 lb/in2 9. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you use to determine the efficacy of the antibiotic? .direct count .viable count .turbidimetric count .absorbance 10. Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished by a n

24、umber of techniques. Which of the following requires the growth of the organism? .enzyme linked assay .gene probe .metabolic .fluorescent Fill in the Blank1. A media where all the ingredients are known is called a _media. 2. _technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination. 3. S

25、terilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _. 4.A_ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a culture plate.5._ identification utilizes antibodies for naming of bacterial species. 6. Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or_

26、. 7. The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a _ to measure the amountof light passing through a solution. 8. The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in the range or_ to_ . 9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the_ count of bacteria. 10. The _technique utili

27、zes a labeled complementary strand of nucleic acid to identify specific bacteria in a specimen.MatchingMatching I: l. Primary stain for gram stain a. Negative stain 2. Stains bacterial cell b. Carbohl fuchsin 3. Used to fix stain c. Crystal violet 4. Decolorize d. Malachite green 5. Spore stain e. S

28、afranin 6. Acid-fast stain f. Positive stain 7. Gram- bacteria take up this counterstain g. Alcohol 8. Stains background h. Mordant Matching II: 1. Media used to inhibit growth of unwanted organisms a. Enrichment 2. Media where all components are not known b. Selective 3. Media used to contrast orga

29、nisms on same plate c. Differential 4. Media used to enhance growth d. Complex Matching I: 1.c 2.f. 3.h 4.g 5.d. 6. b 7.e 8.a Matching II: 1.b 2.d 3 .c 4.a Test 3: Organization and Structure of Microorganisms Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. Eukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from proka

30、ryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain_as part of the lipid component of the membrane. .phosphates .fatty acids .proteins .sterols 2. The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the: .bilayer model .fluid mosaic model .trilayer model .permeable model 3. The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to a concentration gradient is referred to as: .diffusion .osmosis .translocation .transport 4. The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate molecules that enter or exit the cell and act as a _ bar