英语写作Types of Sentences.docx

英语写作Types of Sentences.docx

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英语写作TypesofSentences

1.Identifythetypeofsentenceslisted.

1.Ms.Lopezwenttothestore.

2.Whereisthestore?

3.Whydidshecheckherlist?

4.Shutthatdoornow.

5.Stop,takeyourhandsoffme!

6.Look,thatmanhasgreenhair!

2.Weshouldknowhowtodefinesimple,compound,andcomplexsentencesbeforeusingthemconsciously.

Experiencedwritersuseavarietyofsentencestomaketheirwritinginterestingandlively.Toomanysimplesentences,forexample,willsoundimmaturewhiletoomanylongsentenceswillbedifficulttoreadandhardtounderstand. 

SIMPLESENTENCE

Asimplesentence,alsocalledanindependentclause,containsasubjectandaverb,anditexpressesacompletethought.Inthefollowingsimplesentences,subjectsareinyellow,andverbsareingreen.  

A.Somestudentsliketostudyinthemornings.

B.JuanandArturoplayfootballeveryafternoon.

C.Aliciagoestothelibraryandstudieseveryday.

Thethreeexamplesaboveareallsimplesentences. NotethatsentenceBcontainsacompoundsubject,andsentenceCcontainsacompoundverb. Simplesentences,therefore,containasubjectandverbandexpressacompletethought,buttheycanalsocontainacompoundsubjectsorverbs. 

COMPOUNDSENTENCE

Acompoundsentencecontainstwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinator.Thecoordinatorsareasfollows:

for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so.（Helpfulhint:

ThefirstletterofeachofthecoordinatorsspellsFANBOYS.）Exceptforveryshortsentences,coordinatorsarealwaysprecededbyacomma.Inthefollowingcompoundsentences,subjectsareinyellow,verbsareingreen,andthecoordinatorsandthecommasthatprecedethemareinred. 

A. ItriedtospeakSpanish,andmyfriendtriedtospeakEnglish. 

B. Alejandroplayedfootball,soMariawentshopping. 

C. Alejandroplayedfootball,forMariawentshopping.

Theabovethreesentencesarecompoundsentences. Eachsentencecontainstwoindependentclauses,andtheyarejoinedbyacoordinatorwithacommaprecedingit. Notehowtheconscioususeofcoordinatorscanchangetherelationshipbetweentheclauses. SentencesBandC,forexample,areidenticalexceptforthecoordinators. InsentenceB,whichactionoccurredfirst?

 Obviously,"Alejandroplayedfootball"first,andasaconsequence,"Mariawentshopping. InsentenceC,"Mariawentshopping"first. InsentenceC,"Alejandroplayedfootball"because,possibly,hedidn'thaveanythingelsetodo,fororbecause"Mariawentshopping." Howcantheuseofothercoordinatorschangetherelationshipbetweenthetwoclauses?

 Whatimplicationswouldtheuseof"yet"or"but"haveonthemeaningofthesentence?

COMPLEXSENTENCE

Acomplexsentencehasanindependentclausejoinedbyoneormoredependentclauses.Acomplexsentencealwayshasasubordinatorsuchasbecause,since,after,although,orwhenorarelativepronounsuchasthat,who,orwhich.Inthefollowingcomplexsentences,subjectsareinyellow,verbsareingreen,andthesubordinatorsandtheircommas（whenrequired）areinred.

A.Whenhehandedinhishomework,heforgottogivetheteacherthelastpage. 

B.Theteacherreturnedthehomeworkaftershenoticedtheerror. 

C.Thestudentsarestudyingbecausetheyhaveatesttomorrow.

D.Aftertheyfinishedstudying,JuanandMariawenttothemovies. 

E.JuanandMariawenttothemoviesaftertheyfinishedstudying.

WhenacomplexsentencebeginswithasubordinatorsuchassentencesAandD,acommaisrequiredattheendofthedependentclause.WhentheindependentclausebeginsthesentencewithsubordinatorsinthemiddleasinsentencesB,C,andE,nocommaisrequired.IfacommaisplacedbeforethesubordinatorsinsentencesB,C,andE,itiswrong.

NotethatsentencesDandEarethesameexceptsentenceDbeginswiththedependentclausewhichisfollowedbyacomma,andsentenceEbeginswiththeindependentclausewhichcontainsnocomma. ThecommaafterthedependentclauseinsentenceDisrequired,andexperiencedlistenersofEnglishwilloftenhearaslightpausethere. InsentenceE,however,therewillbenopausewhentheindependentclausebeginsthesentence. 

COMPLEXSENTENCES/ADJECTIVECLAUSES

Finally,sentencescontainingadjectiveclauses（ordependentclauses）arealsocomplexbecausetheycontainanindependentclauseandadependentclause. Thesubjects,verbs,andsubordinatorsaremarkedthesameasintheprevioussentences,andinthesesentences,theindependentclausesarealsounderlined. 

A.Thewomanwho（m）mymomtalkedtosellscosmetics.

B.ThebookthatJonathanreadisontheshelf.

C.ThehousewhichAbrahAM Lincolnwasborninisstillstanding.

D.ThetownwhereIgrewupisintheUnitedStates.

AdjectiveClausesarestudiedinthissiteseparately,butfornowitisimportanttoknowthatsentencescontainingadjectiveclausesarecomplex.

"sentenceidentification"quizzes

1:

HelenKellerwasborninTuscumbia,Alabama,in1880anddiedin1968.

Simple

Compound

Complex

2:

Untilshewas19monthsofage,hersightandhearingwerenormal.

Simple

Compound

Complex

3:

Attheageof19months,asevereillnessleftherdeafandblind.

Simple

Compound

Complex

4:

Whenshewasseven,shebeganhereducationinreadingandwritingwithAnneSullivanofthePerkinsInstitutefortheBlind.

Simple

Compound

Complex

5:

Throughpersistenceandstubbornness,AnnebreaksthroughHelen'swallsofsilenceanddarknessandteacheshertocommunicate.

Simple

Compound

Complex

6:

HelenKellerlearnedtoreadbytheBraillesystem,andshelearnedtowritebyusingaspeciallyconstructedtypewriter.

Simple

Compound

Complex

7:

Later,sheenteredRadcliffeCollegeandgraduatedwithhonorsin1904.

Simple

Compound

Complex

8:

HelenKeller'sstoryneededtobetold,soin1962,abeautifulmoviewasmadeaboutherlife.

Simple

Compound

Complex

9:

"Iftherewereonlyjoyintheworld,wecouldneverlearntobebraveandpatient."--HelenKeller

Simple

Compound

Complex

10:

"Lifeiseitheradaringadventure,oritisnothing."--HelenKeller

Simple

Compound

Complex

textbook:

p37P38exercise.

3.ReadtextbookP39-40.

Whataretheeffectsofloose,periodic,andbalancedsentences?

textbook:

p41exercise.

4.Shortsentences&Longsentences

Read4discoursesinourtextbookP42-43.

Whataretheeffectsofshortsentences&longsentences?