英语写作Types of Sentences.docx

1、英语写作Types of Sentences1.Identify the type of sentences listed. 1.Ms.Lopez went to the store. 2.Where is the store? 3. Why did she check her list? 4. Shut that door now. 5. Stop, take your hands off me! 6. Look, that man has green hair! 2.We should know how to define simple, compound, and complex sen

2、tences before using them consciously .Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting and lively. Too many simple sentences, for example, will sound immature while too many long sentences will be difficult to read and hard to understand.SIMPLE SENTENCEA simple senten

3、ce, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought. In the following simple sentences, subjects are in yellow, and verbs are in green. A. Some students like to study in the mornings.B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.C. Alicia goes

4、 to the library and studies every day.The three examples above are all simple sentences. Note that sentence B contains a compound subject, and sentence C contains a compound verb. Simple sentences, therefore, contain a subject and verb and express a complete thought, but they can also contain a comp

5、ound subjects or verbs. COMPOUND SENTENCE A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.) Except for very short sentences, coor

6、dinators are always preceded by a comma. In the following compound sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.A. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went sh

7、opping. C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.The above three sentences are compound sentences. Each sentence contains two independent clauses, and they are joined by a coordinator with a comma preceding it. Note how the conscious use of coordinators can change the relationship betwe

8、en the clauses. Sentences B and C, for example, are identical except for the coordinators. In sentence B, which action occurred first? Obviously, Alejandro played football first, and as a consequence, Maria went shopping. In sentence C, Maria went shopping first. In sentence C, Alejandro played foot

9、ball because, possibly, he didnt have anything else to do, for or because Maria went shopping. How can the use of other coordinators change the relationship between the two clauses? What implications would the use of yet or but have on the meaning of the sentence? COMPLEX SENTENCE A complex sentence

10、 has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. In the following complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the

11、 subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red.A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying,

12、Juan and Maria went to the movies.E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator such as sentences A and D, a comma is required at the end of the dependent clause. When the independent clause begins the sentence with subordinators

13、 in the middle as in sentences B, C, and E, no comma is required. If a comma is placed before the subordinators in sentences B, C, and E, it is wrong.Note that sentences D and E are the same except sentence D begins with the dependent clause which is followed by a comma, and sentence E begins with t

14、he independent clause which contains no comma. The comma after the dependent clause in sentence D is required, and experienced listeners of English will often hear a slight pause there. In sentence E, however, there will be no pause when the independent clause begins the sentence. COMPLEX SENTENCES

15、/ ADJECTIVE CLAUSESFinally, sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent clauses) are also complex because they contain an independent clause and a dependent clause. The subjects, verbs, and subordinators are marked the same as in the previous sentences, and in these sentences, the independe

16、nt clauses are also underlined. A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. The house which AbrahAM Lincoln was born in is still standing.D. The town where I grew up is in the United States.Adjective Clauses are studied in this site separate

17、ly, but for now it is important to know that sentences containing adjective clauses are complex.sentence identification quizzes 1: Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, in 1880 and died in 1968. SimpleCompoundComplex2: Until she was 19 months of age, her sight and hearing were normal. SimpleC

18、ompoundComplex3: At the age of 19 months, a severe illness left her deaf and blind. SimpleCompoundComplex4: When she was seven, she began her education in reading and writing with Anne Sullivan of the Perkins Institute for the Blind. SimpleCompoundComplex5: Through persistence and stubbornness, Anne

19、 breaks through Helens walls of silence and darkness and teaches her to communicate. SimpleCompoundComplex6: Helen Keller learned to read by the Braille system, and she learned to write by using a specially constructed typewriter. SimpleCompoundComplex7: Later, she entered Radcliffe College and grad

20、uated with honors in 1904. SimpleCompoundComplex8: Helen Kellers story needed to be told, so in 1962, a beautiful movie was made about her life. SimpleCompoundComplex9: If there were only joy in the world, we could never learn to be brave and patient. - Helen Keller SimpleCompoundComplex10: Life is

21、either a daring adventure, or it is nothing. - Helen Keller SimpleCompoundComplextextbook: p37 P38 exercise. 3. Read textbook P 39-40.What are the effects of loose, periodic, and balanced sentences?textbook: p41 exercise.4. Short sentences & Long sentencesRead 4 discourses in our textbook P 42-43.What are the effects of short sentences & long sentences?