生物化学单词翻译.docx

生物化学单词翻译.docx

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生物化学单词翻译

绪论

Biochemistry

Introduction

chemical

livingorganisms

structure

function

cellularcomponents

protein

carbohydrate

lipid

nucleicacid

biomolecule

physiological

virus

inorganicsalt

organic

vitamin

biomacromolecule

Staticbiochemistry

Dynamicbiochemistry

Property

metabolizm

recombinanttechnique

Fermentation

GeneticallyModifiedFood

protease

microbiology

genetics

cell

第一章糖类

abundant

chemicalnature

classification

Energy

photosynthesis

algae

bacteria

elemental

Polyhydroxy（multi-hydroxy）

definition

saccharide

aldehyde

ketone

Condensation

derivative

alcohol

acid

Breakdown

structuralsubstance

Polysaccharide

cellulose

cellwall

Carbonframe

transformation

rawmaterials

synthesize

reservesubstance

starch

glucogen

covalently

glycolipids

glycoproteins

glycoconjugates

extracellular

monosaccharides

oligosaccharides

mild

aldose

Ketose

glucose

fructose

ribose

Disaccharides

maltose

lactose

sucrose

polymers

linear

branched

molecularweights

configuration

conformation

stable

changeful

asymmetric（chiral）carbonatom

pyranose

preferentialconformation

CyclicStructures

metabolism

digestion

transfer

reducingsugar

non-reducingsugar

Oxidation

reaction

glucoside

Glycosidicbond

SugarAlcohols

AminoSugars

DeoxySugars

deoxyribose

SugarEsters

PhosphateEsters

metabolicintermediates

homopolysaccharide

heteropolysaccharides

StoragePolysaccharidesinplant

Amylose（二级词汇）

amylopectin（二级词汇）

Iodine（二级词汇）

storagepolysaccharideinanimals

liver

skeletalmuscle

structuralpolysaccharide

insoluble

composition

property

extended

helical

hydrogenbonds

strengthenthestructure

metabolize

Chitin

fungi

insects

crustaceans（二级词汇）

shelflife

application

ironatoms

rancidity

flavor

oxygen

interaction

repeatingunits

linkage

mixture

hydrolyse

hemocellulose（二级词汇）

agar

algae

chemicalindustry

medicalresearch

medium

characteristics

stability

agarose

purification

Sepharose（二级词汇）

gelexclusionchromatography

naturalgluebetweencellsandtissues

mucopolysaccharide（二级词汇）

hyaluronicacid（二级词汇）

peptideglycan

Microbialheteropolysaccharide

component

recognition

cellgrowth,

transformation

fertilization（二级词汇）

Carbohydrates

communication

differentiation（二级词汇）

CHAPTERtwo

脂类和生物膜

fattyacid（FA）

dehydration

ester

solubility

nonpolarsolvents

commonness

Triacylglycerols（TG）

Glycerol

mechanicaldamage

heatloss

phospholipids（PL）

sterol

cellmembranes

tissueimmunity

Terpene

volatileoil（二级词汇）

fat-solublevitamins

naturalpigment（二级词汇）

cruderubber（二级词汇）

Storagelipid

Structurallipids

protection

essentialcomponents

smallconcentrations

activelipids

biologicalactivity

hormone

Structurecharacteristics

hydrocarbonchain

tail

carboxylgroup

terminal

head

doublebond

systematicname

octadecanoicacid（二级词汇）

commonname

stearicacid（二级词汇）

shorthandnotation（二级词汇）

Commonfeatures

evennumberofcarbonatoms

saturated

singlebonds

innature

unsaturated

MonounsaturatedFA

polyunsaturatedFA

typically

exceed

cisconfiguration

palmiticacid（二级词汇）

oleicacid（二级词汇）

flexible

fluid

bend

fluidity

cis-transisomerism

Cis-isomers

trans-isomer

transfattyacid

numberofcarbonatoms

thepositionofthedoublebond

synthesize

plantsources

diet

essentialfattyacids

linoleicacid

linolenicacids.（LNA）

EPA

DHA

Arachidonicacid（AA）（二级词汇）

simplelipid

complexlipid

derivedlipid

wax（二级词汇）

esterify

simpletriacylglycerol

Mixedtriacylglycerols

Esterbond

molecularstructure

liquid

short-chainfattyacids

solid

grease（二级词汇）

LONG-chainfattyacids.

fat

oil

physicalproperty

colorless

odorless（二级词汇）

proportion

neutral

benzene,

chloroform,（二级词汇）

ether（二级词汇）

meltingpoint

chainlength

Hydrolysis

alkali（二级词汇）

saponification（二级词汇）

soap

water-insoluble

birdfeathers（二级词汇）

pharmaceuticalandcosmeticproducts

assimilate（二级词汇）

sulfolipid

fundamentalstructure

glycerophospholipid

glycerolbackbone

amphipathiclipid（二级词汇）

polar“head”group

Non-polartail

poisonoussnakes

phospholipase（二级词汇）

sphingol（二级词汇）

glycosphingolipids

smallamounts

Cholesterol

function

lowtemperature

mobility

precursor

disease

Saturatedfattyacid

Unsaturatedfattyacid

plasmamembrane

cytoplasmic

membrane

biomembrane

separatethecytoplasmfromthesurroundings

exclusionofcertaintoxicionsandmoleculesfromthecell

accumulationofcellnutrients

energytransduction

celllocomotion

reproduction

signaltransduction

interaction

vicinity（二级词汇）

prokaryoticcells

intracellularorganelles

Gram-negative（二级词汇）

endomembranesystem

Eukaryoticcells

biosynthesis

electrontransport

mitochondria

nucleus

tricarboxylicacidcycle

oxidativephosphorylation

electrontransport

Golgiapparatus

secretion（二级词汇）

endoplasmicreticulum（ER）

mesosome（二级词汇）

energymetabolism

celldivision

chemicalcomposition

Membranelipid

Spontaneously（二级词汇）

LipidBilayers

back-to-backarrangementsofmonolayers

Liposomes（二级词汇）

drugandenzymedeliverysystems

therapeutic（二级词汇）

fusewithcells

intracellular

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

membraneproteins

peripheralproteins

extrinsicproteins

ionicinteractions

penetrate（二级词汇）

hydrogenbonds

surface

associate

Integralproteins（orintrinsicproteins）：

dissociate

saltsolutions

changesinpH

disrupt

remove

detergent（二级词汇）

organicsolvents

informationtransmission

Materialtransfer

receptor

ENZYME

distribute

antigenicstructure

bloodtype

cancerization

structuremodel

FluidMosaicModel

cellfusion

lateralmobility（二级词汇）

rotationalmobility（二级词汇）

motion（二级词汇）

energyconversion

embed

hydrophobicregion

non-covalentbinding.

immunologicfunction

•movementfunction 

relativelystable

Internalenvironment

AFP

hemoglobin（二级词汇）

Proteinsynthesis

第三章蛋白质

biomacromolecule

aminoacids（aa）.

sequence

standardaminoacids

stableconformation

peptidebond

biologicalfunction

Proteindeficiency

energysupply

intracellular

Enzymaticcatalysis

Catalyze

catalyst

chemicalreactions

chemicalnature

chiefstructuralcomponent

Movementandcontraction

TransportProteins

oxygen-transportingprotein

carrierprotein

Metabolicregulation

growthsubstance

insulin

ignore

antibody

Immuneglobulin

hostorganism

neutralize“foreign”molecules

infectiousagents

interferon（二级词汇）

Oxidationforenergy

secondaryphysiologicalfunctions

Element

nitrogencontent

KjeldahlMethod（二级词汇）

bindingproteins

hydrolyze

nucleoprotein

lipoprotein

Fibrousproteins

globularproteins

dilutesaltsolutions

structuralroles

spherical

solubleinshape

breakdown

common/standardaminoacid

glycin

proline

acidhydrolysis

basichydrolysis

enzymehydrolysis

CommonStructuralFeatures

carboxylgroup

α-carbon

aminogroup

sidechains

hydrogenatom

Isomersofaminoacids

LStereoisomers（二级词汇）