合肥师范高级阅读复习概要.docx

合肥师范高级阅读复习概要.docx

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合肥师范高级阅读复习概要

合肥师范高级阅读复习概要

高级阅读复习概要

Insouciance------D.H.Lawrence

Example

Twomower,theyoungone,andanoldoneeachrepresentstheauthorandtheladies.

Theme

1.L.sawsex&intuitionaswaystounderstandperceptionreality&meanstorepondtotheinhumanityoftheindustrialization,”whatthebloodfeels&believe&saysisalwaystrue.

2.L.arguedthatinstincts&intuitionsaremoreimportantthanthereason.

Paraphrase

BeforeIknowwhatIamtalkingabout,thelittlewithe-hairedladieshaspushedmeoffmybalconyandletmegetawayformthepresenttopics:

theglassylake,theveiled…trees,forcemetotalkaboutthetroubledfieldofinternationalpolitics.

Paragraph

Thisparagraphisthelastpartofthearticle,andbesides,itsalsowherethemainidealies,so,

Tohaveafullunderstandingofthisparagraph,I’dliketobeginwithaexplanationofthewordofinstinctandintuitionwhichhavesometieswiththetheme.

Instinct:

naturalinborntendencytobehaveinacertainwaywithoutreasoningortraining

Intuition:

（powerof）understandingthings（egasituation,sb'sfeelings）immediately,withouttheneedforconsciousreasoningorstudy.

Thatmeanstheauthorinfavoroftheideaoflivingbynature,byourinnerheart,byourfeeling,whilenotthereason.intheauthor’stimewhenundergoestheindustrialization,humanbeingsaredehumanized,livinginamateriallifewithoutanyemotionalactivities.

Justliketheyounglady,whoislivinginaabstractlife,butnotaactualone.theauthorpreferstoalifeinwhichhecanhaveadirectsensuouscontactwithhissurroundings.

1.L.sawsex&intuitionaswaystounderstandperceptionreality&meanstorespondtotheinhumanityoftheindustrialization,”whatthebloodfeels&believe&saysisalwaystrue.

2.L.arguedthatinstincts&intuitionsaremoreimportantthanthereason.

So,inourdailylife,wealsoshouldnotforgetthat,bynature,wecomeforethenatureandwillbeboundtogobacktoit.so,inthestrenuoustime,remembertocareaboutthethingsbeforeyou,lovethem,nomatteritsjustacat,atree,oraperson,thusyoucangetrelaxed,andaenjoyablelife

PagesfromthelifeofaGeorgiainnocent--------Harrycrews

Character

Son&author

Felix:

shabbymiserablelife.Proud.

Grandmother

Uncle

Example

Gamagetridofahawk:

lifewisdomofcountrypplintheircombatagainstcruelreality.

Uncledidonoperationontherooter:

theydependonanimalsforliving,itsveryimportant.

Felixcopewithhistheeace:

Theme

Socialgapbetweentherichandthepoor.mediairresponsibility

Paraphrase

Perhapsmygrandma,inherdeepheart,knewthathawkswereapproachingtoextinctatthattime.Nomattersheknewitornot,Iamsurethatsheandcountrypplaroundhercouldbarelymakealivingoutofland,evenso,nobodycouldhelpandsavethem.

Theandrogynousman------NobelPerrin

Example

1Enjoystheroleofmother,caringforhiskid

2Showingaffectiontocats

3Inabilitytomanipulatecars

4Doinghousework

5Easilymoved,espinpublic.

Theme

Lifecanhavenorestrictionsonwhateverformittakes,andmenandwomaenjustneedtoenjoylifeitselfasGODgivesussuchalifetoeverysingleperson.

Paraphrase

Theyalwaystrytobehavelike100%manwithoutrealizingthethatbothmenandwomencanbehaveinit’sofdifferentways,doingthingsaredonebybothmenandwomen,theycanperformbothrolesasmanandwoman

Thechrysanthemum-------johnSteinbeck

character

ElisaAllen

HenryAllen

Scotty

Time:

Winter

Theme

Awomanhastherightstopursuedreamsandambitions,but,insomecases,sheisconfinedbytherealityandwhattheongoingsocialmoraljudgehowawomanshouldbehaveorsimplybyherresponsibilityorconscienceforherfamily.

Paraphrase

Theangerandrefusaldisappearslowly.

Paragraph

JustasthemovieTheBridgesofMadisonCountyrepresented.Everylittlegirlhasherdreamswhichmaybeconfinedbyallkindsofreasons,butwhenchancescome,canyoureallymakeaeasychoice?

Itsnoteasydefinitely,cuz,wegotresponsibilities.

Thisparagraphgoesaftertheman’sleaving,whichinduceheremotionaldisorder.

Imean,thesparkleofpursuingafreeandromanticlifehasbeenstirredupbytheman’sarrival,butjustasshehasbeenagitated,themanisgoingtoleaving,whichjustlikeabucketofwaterpouredtoherheart,extinguishedthesparkle.

Here“good-bye”.Isnotonlyagoodbyetotheman,butalsoagoodbyetoherromanticanddreamedlife.So,sheisprecipitatedintodisappointmentandunconsciouslyutteredthesewords.Meanwhile,sheisafraidofbeingdiscoveredbyothersesp.herhusband,cuzofsomemoralconcerning.

Awomanhastherightstopursuedreamsandambitions,but,insomecases,sheisconfinedbytherealityandwhattheongoingsocialmoraljudgehowawomanshouldbehaveorsimplybyherresponsibilityorconscienceforherfamily.

Andindependentwoman----JohnBerger

Character

Brother:

Nicolas,Mathieu

Neighbor:

jeanFrançois

Paraphrase

Ifshewasgoingtodie,shewantedtodieathome

Theme

Acommunitylife,pplliveinharmony.

《老人与海》:

这是一场人与自然搏斗的惊心动魄的悲剧。

老人每取得一点胜利都付出了惨重的代价，最后遭到无可挽救的失败。

但是，从另外一种意义上来说，他又是一个胜利者。

因为，他不屈服于命运，无论在怎么艰苦卓绝的环境里，他都凭着自己的勇气、毅力和智慧进行了奋勇的抗争。

大马林鱼虽然没有保住，但他却捍卫了“人的灵魂的尊严”，显示了“一个人的能耐可以到达什么程度”，是一个胜利的失败者，一个失败的英雄。

这样一个“硬汉子”形象，正是典型的海明威式的小说人物。

在20世纪30年代以后发表的一些短篇小说里，海明威描写了一些拳击师、斗牛士、猎人等形象，在这些下层人物身上，他塑造了一种百折不挠、坚强不屈、敢于面对暴力和死亡的“硬汉子”性格，《老人与海》中桑地亚哥的形象就是这种性格的发展与升华。

小说中的大海和鲨鱼象征着与人作对的社会与自然力量，而老人在与之进行的殊死搏斗中，表现了无与伦比的力量和勇气，不失人的尊严，虽败犹荣，精神上并没有被打败。

可以说，这样一个形象，完美地体现了作者所说的“你尽可把他消灭掉，可就是打不败他”的思想。

《永别了，武器》（又译《战地春梦》）是海明威的代表作。

他以反对帝国主义战争为主题，揭示了“迷惘的一代”出现的历史原因，控诉了战争毁灭人的理想和幸福，戕害人们的心灵，并使千百万无辜生因此涂炭。

这篇作品显露了海明威散文风格的基本特色和“现代叙事艺术”。

作品故事情节简单而意境纯一，语言朴实无华，句子短小凝练，环境描写达到情景交融。

Introduction

　　ErnestHemingwayisagiantofmodernliterature.Amongtwentieth-centuryAmericanfictionwriters,hisworkismostoftencomparedtothatofhiscontemporariesWilliamFaulknerandF.ScottFitzgerald.Combinedwithhisoutstandingshortstories,Hemingway’sfourmajornovels—TheSunAlsoRises（1926）,AFarewelltoArms（1929）,ForWhomtheBellTolls（1940）,andTheOldManandtheSea（1952）—compriseacontributiontomodernfictionthatisfarmoresubstantialthanFitzgerald’sandthatapproximatesFaulkner’s.

　　FaulknerwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureafewyearsbeforeHemingwayreceivedthisrecognition,buttheirrespectiveapproachestofictionaresodissimilarthatthisbelatedreceiptsayslittleornothingaboutHemingway’sstaturerelativetothatofFaulkner.WhensetalongsideFaulkner’sMississippinovels,Hemingway’smajorworksfeaturesimplerstructuresandnarrativevoices/personae.

　　Asormoreimportant,Hemingway’sstyle,withitsconsistentuseofshort,concrete,directproseandofscenesconsistingexclusivelyofdialogue,giveshisnovelsandshortstoriesadistinctiveaccessibilitythatisimmediatelyidentifiablewiththeauthor.Owingtothedirectcharacterofbothhisstyleandhislife-style,thereisatendencytocastHemingwayasa“representative”Americanwriterwhoseworkreflectsthebold,forthrightandruggedindividualismoftheAmericanspiritinaction.

　　HisownbackgroundasawoundedveteranofWorldWarI,asanengagedcombatantinthefightagainstFascism/Nazism,andasa‘he-man’withapassionforoutdooradventuresandothermanlypursuitsreinforcethisassociation.

　　ButthisidentificationofHemingwayasauniquelyAmericangeniusisproblematic.Althoughthreeofhismajornovelsaretoldbyand/orthroughAmericanmen,Hemingway’sprotagonistsareexpatriates,andhisfictionalsettingsareinFrance,Italy,Spain,andlaterCuba,ratherthanAmericaitself.

　　WhileHemingway’searlycareerbenefitedfromhisconnectionswithFitzgeraldand（moreso）withAmericannovelistSherwoodAnderson,hisaestheticisactuallyclosertothatsharedbythetransplantedAmericanpoetsthathemetinParisduringthe1920s;T.S.Eliot,EzraPound,and,mostcrucially,GertrudeStein.Inthiscontext,wemustrealizethatHemingway’sapproachtothecraftoffictionisdirectbutneverbluntorjustplainsimple.

　　Hemingway’stextistheresultofapainstakingselectionprocess,eachwordperforminganassignedfunctioninthenarrative.Thesechoicesoflanguage,inturn,occurthroughthemindandexperienceofhisnovels’centralcharacterswhethertheyserveexplicitlyasnarratorsoftheirexperienceorasfocalcharactersfromwhoseperspectivesthestoryunfolds.ThemainworkingcorollaryofHemingway’s“icebergprinciple”isthatthefullmeaningofthetextisnotlimitedtomovingtheplotforward:

thereisalwaysawebofassociationandinference,asubmergedreasonbehindtheinclusion（oreventheomission）ofeverydetail.

　　Wenote,too,thatalthoughHemingway’snovelsusuallyfollowastraightforwardchronologicalprogressionasinthethreedaysofForWhomtheBellTolls,Hemingwaydoesmakeuseofsummaryaccountsofthepast,ofmemoriesrelatedexternallyasstories,andofflashbacks.Thesedeviceslendfurtherdepthtohischaractersandcreatenarrativestructuresthatarenotcompletelystraightforwardchronicles.

Hemingwayisdirect.Butheisalsoquitesubtle,andsubtletyisnotatraitthatweascribetotheAmericanway.Intheend,Hemingwayisaninternationalartist,amanwhoneverrelinquishedhisAmericanidentitybutwhoenterednewterritoriestoobroadandtoodeeptofitwithinthedomainofanynationalculture.