专题15科学技术类阅读理解高考英语语法和题型考前一遍过解析版.docx
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专题15科学技术类阅读理解高考英语语法和题型考前一遍过解析版
2020年高考英语语法和题型考前一遍过
15科学技术
步骤
内容(数量)
Part1
真题再现
2019全国卷12019全国卷22019全国卷3
Part2
考点梳理
技巧点拨
Part3
模拟在线
睡眠对人好处,充足睡眠是提高学习成绩的关键
开发虚拟旅行技术
Part1真题再现
真题
1.C【2019·全国I】
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:
asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.
28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?
A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping
C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.
29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?
A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.
B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.
C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.
D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?
all1osoisgitieocooll.
A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.
C.It'llbemadeofplastics
D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.
31.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?
A.Adiary.B.AguidebookC.Anovel.D.Amagazine.
2.D【2019·全国II】
Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?
It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.
HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.
“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?
’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”
GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?
GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.
32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?
A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.
C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.
33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?
A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships
B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.
C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation
34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?
A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns
C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.
35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.NASA:
TheHomeofAstronauts.
B.Space:
TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.
C.Nature:
AnOutdoorClassroom.
D.HUNCH:
ACollegeAdmissionReform.
3.D【2019·全国III】
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.
Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:
Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.
Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:
Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit.
"Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”
32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?
A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.
C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.
33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?
A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.
C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.
34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?
A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.
C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.
35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A.Entertainment.B.Health.C.Education.D.Science.
答案2019全国1-3
1.C【2019·全国I】
【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
目前,数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人,为网络空间用户保护隐私。
28.D细节理解题。
由第一段“Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.”和第二段的“theyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:
asmartkeyboard.”可知,研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。
故选D。
29.C推理判断题。
由第二段“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities”可知,因为每个人的打字方式不同,使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。
故选C。
30.B推理判断题。
由最后一段“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知,研究者们希望智能键盘能早日上市,也就是希望早日到达消费者手中。
故选B。
31.D推理判断题。
本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,它能给e-space用户带来安全,由此可知,本文是科技说明文,结合所给选项可知,本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。
故选D。
2.D【2019·全国II】
【答案】32.A33.D34.A35.B
【解析】本文为说明文。
本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术,把空间技术与带进课堂,与学校教育相结合,从而最终影响到大学入学。
32.A细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts…cleaningthemupeachweek.”可知,细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。
这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长,宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。
也就是说它们很难去掉。
其中的“themicroorganisms”包括“bacteria”。
由此可知,A项符合题意。
33.D推理判断题。
根据第二段的“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,...”可知,Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。
Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌,...”。
结合最后一段中的“GordonstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,...”可知,学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨(如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术)这个问题。
由此可推断出HUNCHprogram的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。
可知选D。
34.A细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen…It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知,NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。
分析选项可知A项符合题意,故选A。
35.B主旨大意题。
本文介绍了HUNCH项目把如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术引入Gordon学校的课堂,参与宇航员航天课题研究的情况,因此《太空:
最后的作业前沿》能全面概括文章的意思,故选B。
3.D【2019·全国III】
【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。
文章开篇指出猴子对数字有一定的概念,随后研究人员进行了一系列的实验来验证这一理论。
他们发现,猴子不仅能记住简单的数字,还能进行一定的运算。
32.C细节理解题。
由第二段第一句“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.”可知,研究人员在正式对猴子进行实验前事先对猴子做了相关方面的训练,故选C。
33.B细节理解题。
由第三段最后一句“Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice”可知,猴子在实验中通过触摸相应数字对应区域的屏幕来得到奖励,故选B。
34.A推理判断题。
由第四段“...indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.”可知,大量实验结果表明,猴子不仅仅是记住每种数字组合相加的结果值,而是可以完成进一步的简单计算,故选A。
35.D推理判断题。
文章首先给出了一个关于猴子对数字有一定概念的结论,随后介绍了研究人员对猴子进行的数学实验的步骤及实验现象,这一类主题一般不在环境、健康板块,而相比教育,科研板块更符合文章实验研究的性质,故选D。
Part2考点梳理(技巧点拨)
“科学技术”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面,例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……。
总之生活离不开科技,科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴,时时事事,科技