北京英语高考各区模拟7选5试题整理含答案.docx

北京英语高考各区模拟7选5试题整理含答案.docx

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北京英语高考各区模拟7选5试题整理含答案

2020门头沟一模

HowtoAutomateNewHabitsSoThatYou’llKeeptoThem

Anyonewho’striedtoaddsomethingnewtotheirroutineknowsonething:

Buildingnew habits isn’teasy.46

Thegoodnews:

There’sasolution,andit’scalledautomation.47Forexample:

Ifyouwanttosavemorebutitseemsdifficulttoachieve,trytransferringfivedollarstoyoursavingsaccounteachtimeyoubuylunchduringtheweek.Ifyouwanttodomoresportsbut aren’tmotivated togotothegymeveryday,trydoing5pushupsaftereachtimeyouusetherestroom.

Thatsoundseasy.48“Automationworkswellindevelopingnewbehaviorpatternsbecauseitinvolvestheuseofpositivereinforcement（强化）,whichisoneofthemostpowerfultoolsforbehaviorchange,” KahinaLouis,apsychologist,tellsShine.

“Asyou’reengagingin gradualstepstowardyourgoals,youmayquicklystarttoexperiencefeelingsofaccomplishmentandpridethatyou’remakingthechangesyouwantedtomake,”shesays.“Thosepositivefeelingsareformsofreinforcement,andyouaremorelikelytocontinuedoingthingsthatreinforceyou.”

Alongwithitspositivereinforcement,automationemphasizestheimpactofsmallchangesinmakingabigdifference.Thoughwealllovethemajorsuccesses,thesmallchangesalongthewayarewhatgetusthereinthefirststep.49“Asyoushowyourselfeachsmallchangeyou’vemade,you’regivingyourselfthemessagethatyouarecapableofaccomplishment,”Louissays.“Thatfeelingandself-beliefareextremelyhelpfultohaveasyoucontinuetowardcreatingnewbehaviorchange.”

50Takealookatwhatthings youkeepdoingthroughouttheday orcourseoftheweektodecidewhentoaddnewautomation.Louissays,“Forexample:

Ifyouknowthatyou’realwaysextremelytiredafterwork,thenyoumightconsiderpickinganautohabitthatoccursinyourmorningroutineratherthanintheevening.”

Louisalsoexplainsthatalthoughyoushouldpickabehaviorthatoccursfrequentlyenoughto maximizetheopportunitiestobuildtowardsyourgoal,trynottochooseanalreadyexistingbehaviorthatoccurstoooften—likecheckingyourphoneordrinkingofwater.“Youmightnotevenrealizeyou’redoingit,andmaythenmissalotofchancestoperformthenewhabit,”shesays.

A.Findyourautohabits.

B.Ittakestimeandinsistence.

C.Butitturnsouttobeefficientwhiletrying.

D.Considerautohabitsthatoccurattimesorplaces.

E.It’sthesmallstepsthatfuelyourmotivationandself-belief.

F.Itiswhenyouaddwhatyou’dliketobeyournewhabitontoanexistinghabit.

G.Buildinganewhabitrequiresstrongmindtohelptheprocessgoalongsmoothly.

2020朝阳二模

WhatYourNoseKnows

Yoursenseofsmellenrichesyourexperienceoftheworldaroundyou.Differentscentscanchangeyourmoodortransportyoubacktoadistantmemory.Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysakeyroleinyourhealth.46

Thethingswesmellareactuallythetinymolecules（分子）releasedbysubstancesallaroundus.Whenwebreatheinthesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellshighinsidethenose.

47Butagivenmoleculecanstimulateacombinationofthesereceptors,creatingauniquerepresentationinthebrain.Weperceivethatrepresentationasasmell.

48Astuffy（不通气的）noseoraharmlessgrowthinthenosecanblockairandthusscentsfromreachingthesensorycells.Certainmedications,likesomebloodpressurepills,canchangesmell,buttheseeffectsareusuallytemporary.Yoursmellshouldcomebackonceyou’verecoveredorstoppedthemedication.Butsomethingscancausealong-lastinglossofsmell.Aheadinjuryorvirus,forexample,cansometimesdamagethenervesrelatedtosmell.49AccordingtoDr.DavangereDevanand,anexpertonneurodegenerative（神经变性的）diseasesandsmellloss,themainreasonappearstobethatthefunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellandmemorybecomesdamagedaswegrowolder.

Butproblemswithyourabilitytosmellmaybemorethannormalaging.Theycansometimesbeanearlysignofserioushealthconditions,suchasParkinson’sdiseaseorAlzheimer’sdisease.Devanand’sgroupisstudyingtherelationshipsbetweensmelldysfunctionandcertaindisease.

Researchersarealsolookingforwaystoavoidsmellloss.Somestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayhelpyouimproveyourabilitytodistinguishandidentifyscents.50Butthequestionremainsastowhetherandhowthismightwork.

A.Manythingscancausesmellloss.

B.Peoplemayhavelosttheirabilitytosmellbeforetheynoticeit.

C.Eachofthesesensorycellshasonlyonetypeofscentreceptor.

D.Itmayimproveyourbrain’sabilitytointerpretlowlevelsofscents.

E.Aspeoplegetolder,manyofthemcouldn’tidentifycertainkindofsmell.

F.Ifyourabilitytosmelldeclines,itcanaffectyourphysicalwell-beingandeverydaysafety.

G.Andwithage,thereisadeclineintheabilitytosmelltosomeextentinthenose,butmuchmoreinthebrainitself.

2020房山二模

Supposeyouwerepromised$1,440eachdaythatcomesto$525,600ayear.Thatcouldneverbereducedorchangedinyourwholelife.Soundsgreat,doesn’tit?

Actually,wealldoget1,440aday—butinminutes,notdollars.46It’spossibletogetmoremoney,butyoucan’tmakemoretime.

Manyofthemanagementpracticesthathelppeoplemakegooduseoftheirmoneycanalsobeappliedtoyour“timecurrency”.Butthequestionis,areyouagoodmanagerofyourtime?

47

Findoutwhereyourtimeisgoingnow.Writedowneverythingyoudoinaday.Includework,study,cookingandmeals,cleaningandhouseholdmaintenance,sleep,familytimeandmindlessactivitiessuchaswatchingTVandgettinglostinsocialmedia.

48Tenminutesofplanningcansaveyouanhouroftimeandhelpsstretchthetimeyouhave,andyou’llseepocketsoftimeyoucanuseforthingsyouwanttodo.“Oncepeoplehaveaclearpicture,theyactuallydohavealotmoretimethantheyrealize.”Clark,thefounderofthePurposefulPlannersays.

Youcanalsosetlimits.Usekitchentimers,phonereminders,appsorothertimingdevicestostayfocusedandworkmoreproductively,suggestsJanineAdams,certifiedprofessionalorganizerofPeaceofMindOrganizing.

49Whenyouhavemissionstorun,insteadofmakingthreeseparatetripsonthreedifferentdaystobuygroceries,officesuppliesorhomestoreproducts,integratethem—visitallthreestoresinonetrip.It’smoreefficienttofinish“littleone-off”taskstogetherratherthandealwithoneatatimethroughouttheday.

Attheendoftheday,week,monthandyear,takealookathowwellyou’vemanagedyourtime.You’llseewhereyoucoulddobetterandwhereyou’vecompletedwhatyousetouttodo.Boorencomparesthisprogresschecktoreviewingyourannual“financialstatement”.50Dothatoverandoverand“itformshabitandbecomesnatural.”Boorensays.

A.Trythesesimplestepstotakecontrolofyourclockandcalendar.

B.Timeisoneofthemostpreciousandlimitedresourcesforpeople.

C.Groupingsmalltasksintoonejobprovestobehelpfulindailypractice.

D.Themostimportanttasksarenotalwaysthesameasthemostpressingtasks.

E.Focusonwhatyou’redoingandavoidhavingtorepeatthesameprocesstwice.

F.Investafewminutesatthebeginningofeachdayorweektoplanandorganize.

G.Taketimeeachdaytoreflectonyourachievementsandsetgoalsfortomorrow.

2020平谷一模

TheWorldWaterDayhasbeencelebratedannuallyon22Marchsince1992.Eachyearhasadifferenttheme,lookingatthingsliketheroleofcleanwaterintheworldofwork,waystostopwastingwater,findingwaystosupplywatertounderprivilegedgroupsandsoon.

　　46　Butitisalsovitalforsanitation（卫生）.Itisestimatedthatmorethan700childrenundertheageofsevendieeverydayfromillnesseslinkedtounsafewaterandpoorsanitation.Therighttowaterandsanitationwasrecognizedasahumanright.　47　Theseincluderuralcommunities,peoplewhohavebeendisplacedduetowarandlocalconflictsandareaswhereclimatechangeismakingwatermoreandmorescarcer.

Apartfromtheobvioushealthissues,alackofaccessiblecleanwatermeansthatpeople—oftenwomenandchildren—spendhourseverydaywalkingtoandfromdistantwatersupplies.Thismeanstheydon’thavetimetodedicatetowork,studiesandotherdomesticduties.48　Andpeoplewhoarenotabletowalktogettheirownwaterareparticularlyvulnerable.

Therearemanycharitiesworkingoncreatingsustainablesuppliesofcleanwaterfordifferentcommunitiesaroundtheworld.　　49　Butthefundamentalproblemofincreasingdemandforalimitedresourcecanonlybeaddressedbymoreefficientuseofwater,especiallyinindustryandagriculture.Waste-waterrecycling,capturingrainwater,moreefficientirrigationtechniquesandreforestationareallexamplesofhowwatercanbeusedmoreefficiently.

　　50　Weshouldsupportcharities,raiseawareness,takepartintheWorldWaterDayeventsthatarehappeningallaroundtheworldand,ofcourse,becarefulwithhowweusewaterinourownlives.VisittheUNWorldWaterDaywebsitetofindoutaboutaneventnearus.Followworldwaterdayonsocialmediaandhelpspreadthewordaboutthisincrediblyimportantissue.

A.Cleandrinkingwaterisfundamental.

B.Asindividuals,whatcanwedotohelptheissue?

C.Thesearchforwaterbecomestheirmainoccupation.

D.Thisimportantworkneedstocontinueandtoexpand.

E.Everylivingcellinthebodyneedswatertokeepfunctioning.

F.Innormalconditions,thehumanbodycanonlysurvivethreeorfourdayswithoutwater.

G.However,therearestillatleast2.1billionpeoplearoundtheworldlivingwithoutsafewater.