英语四级重要知识点.docx

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英语四级重要知识点

CET-4中介词to的不同搭配

介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词,在英语中能和动词、名词、形容词等词搭配,表示种种不同的意思,使用时灵活多变,不易掌握,介词to也不例外。

四级考试中,介词to的用法是测试重点之一,应引起特别注意。

本文以历年四级真题为依据,总结了介词to的几种常见搭配,并附上历年四级考试中相关的考题,供考生练习。

  一、与某些动词一起构成特定搭配

  英语中由“动词+介词to”构成的动词短语数量很大,而在四级考试中,经常被测试到的此类动词短语也很多,可分为两类:

  1.“实义动词+介词to”结构

  adaptto...(适应于……)

  devote...to...(专心于,致力于)

  add...to...(增加,添加)

  entitle...to...(给……权利、资格等)

adhereto...(追随,依附,坚持)

stickto

clingto

  expose...to...(暴露在……之下)

  adjustto...(调整,调节)

  leadto...(导致……,招致……)

  amountto...(达到;意味着)

  objectto...(反对)

  appealto...(恳求;呼吁)

  owe...to...(欠……;对……负有……)

  applyto...(应用,运用;向……申请)

  reactto...(对……做出反应)

  attach...to...(系上,附加于,使附属)

  referto...(论及,参照;委托)

  attendto...(倾听;照顾,料理)

  resortto...(诉诸于……)

  attributeto...(把……归因于,认为是……的结果)

  respondto...(……做出反应)

  belongto...(属于)

  seeto...(负责,留意,照料)

  compare...to...(与……比较;将……比作为)stickto...(坚持)

  confessto...(坦白,坦承)

  subject...to...(使遭受…,使蒙受……)

  conformto...(顺从,与……一致)

  turnto...(翻到;向……求助)

  contributeto...(有助于,促使)

  yieldto...(屈服于)...

  历年四级考题中与上述短语相关的考题很多,下面仅列出一些典型的例子(选项中以黑体字为正确答案):

  

(1)Thisisthenursewho________tomewhenIwasinhospital.(CET-4,,52)

      

(2)Iwouldneverhave________acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.(CET-4,,66)

      (3)He________tohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.(CET-4,,65)

      (4)Eatingtoomuchfatcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.(CET-4,,55)

      (5)Ididn'.(CET-4,,35)

      (6)Themaninthecornerconfessedto________alietothemanagerofthecompany.(CET-4,,58)

      (7)BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he________hisopinion.(CET-4,,60)

      (8)Thereishardlyanenvironmentonearth________somespeciesofanimalorotherhasnotadaptedsuccessfully.(CET-4,,53)

      (9)Themanagerassuredthecustomerthathiscomplaintwouldbeseen________immediately.(CET-4,,70)

    (10)Policehave________tothepublictocomeforwardwithanyinformationwhichmighthelpthemintheirinquiries.(CET-4,,44)

      (11)Isitadvisableto________ourbodytothesunlight(CET-4,,62)

      2.“be+过去分词/形容词+to”结构

  beaddictedto...(对……上瘾)

 beopposedto...(反对)

 beattachedto...(附属于)

 besubjectto...(易遭……的;以……为条件的)

 bedueto...(归功于……,因为……)

 beused/accustomedto...(习惯于……)

  beobjectedto...(反对)...

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (12)Thecommitteeistotallyopposed________anychangesbeingmadeintheplans.(CET-4,,61)

    (13)Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused________lateforhislecture.(CET-4,,31)

  

  'being

  

  'being

  (14)Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers________amatchwithoutastandardcourt.(CET-4,,48)

  

  

  

  

  二、与某些名词一起构成特定搭配

  此类名词与to一起构成固定结构“名词+介词to”,可分为两类:

  1.某些固有名词,如admission,access,answer,approach,barrier,key,right,solution等;

  2.由相关动词派生而来的名词,如exposure,objection,reaction,response等。

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (15)TheBritishgovernmentoftensaysthatfurnishingchildrenwith________totheinformationsuperhighwayisatoppriority.(CET-4,,55)

      (16)Ihavenoobjection________yourstoryagain.(CET-4,,27)

      (17)Doeseveryoneonearthhaveanequalright________anequalshareofitsresources(CET-4,,55)

   (18)Thetraditionalapproach________withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.

      (19)ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuch________tothesunisbadfortheskin.(CET-4,,57)

      (20)Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather________tothenewswouldbe.(CET-4,,42)

      (21)Theyhavebeentryingtoarriveatapracti-

  calsolution________theproblem.(CET-4,

  ,49)

    三、与某些形容词一起构成特定搭配

  此类形容词后接介词to,构成特定搭配,可分为三类:

  1.某些固有形容词,如contrary,cruel,

equivalent,indifferent,parallel,relevant,second,sensitive,similar等;

  2.形容词superior,inferior,senior,junior等,这些词虽然都是原级形容词,却含有比较意味,后面都不能用than表示比较,而必须用to;

  3.由相关动词派生而来的形容词,如addicted,applicable,comparable,preferable等。

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (22)Someplantsarevery________tolight;theyprefertheshade.(CET-4,,70)

      (23)Colorandsexarenotrelevant________whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.(CET-4,,45)

    (24)Adarksuitis________toalightoneforeveningwear.(CET-4,,60)

      (25)Physicsis________tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.(CET-4,,24)

      (26)Cancerissecondonly________heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.(CET-4,,30)

    (27).(CET-4,,55)

  

  

  

  

  (28)Whatyouhavedoneis________thedoctor'sorders.(CET-4,,63)

      四、用于特定的介词短语中

  含有介词to的介词短语也有很多,具体如下:

asto...(关于)

thanksto...(多亏……,由于……)

inadditionto(加之,除了……之外)

toone'sabilities(capabilities,potential...)(尽某人所能)

incontrastto...(与……对照)

toone'ssurprise(amazement,relief...)(令人感到……)

inresponseto(对……做出反应)

 tosomedegree(extent)(在某种程度上)

  owingto...(因为)

  withreferenceto...(关于,至于)

previousto...(在……之前)

  with/inregardto...(关于,至于)

priorto...(先于……;比……重要)

 withrespectto...(关于,至于)...

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (29)________theenormousflowoffoodfromtheentireglobe,thesecountrieshaveformanyyearsnotfeltanypopulationpressure.(CET-4,,46)

      (30)TheBritishconstitutionis________alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.(CET-4,,50)

    (31)Beingapopstarcanbequiteahardlife,withalotoftravelling________heavyschedules.(CET-4,

      (32)Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull________.(CET-4,,35)

      (33)Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent________whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.(CET-4,,29)

    五、用于特定句型中

  介词to还可以用于某些特定句型中,但此类句型不多,常见的只有两例:

  whenitcomesto...(当提到……,当论及……)

 see(toit)that...(留意……,负责……,务必……)

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (34)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue________itcomestoclassroomtests.(CET-4,,36)

      (35)'ll________thathewillnotbelatetomorrow.(CET-4,9

    介词“to”例解

1.Ihavenoobjection____theeveningwiththem.

A)tospendB)tospendingC)ofspendingD)spending

2.Thetraditionalapproach__withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.

A)todealingB)indealingC)dealingD)todeal

3)Doeseveryoneontheearthhaveanequalshareofitsresources

A)byB)atC)tod)over

4)Ihavenoobjection)))yourstoryagain.

A)tohearB)tohearingC)tohavingeardD)tohaveheard

5)Ialways_____whatIhavesaid.

A)gettoB)holdtoC)leadtoD)setto

6)Medicalresearchhasshownthatthewidespreaduseofcigarettecontributes___theincreaseofcancers.

A)towardsB)forC)withD)to

7)’ll___thathewillnotbelatetomorrow.

A)besureB)hopeforC)seetoitD)makeitto

8)BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he___hisopinion.

A)struckatB)stroveforC)stucktoD)stoodfor

9)Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletoyield__anymilitaryhreat.

A)upB)toC)inD)at

10)Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould___considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.

A)resultfromb)settledownc)lieinD)leadto

11)Thecommitteeistotallyopposed___anychanesbeingmadeintheplans.

A)ofB)agianstC)onD)to

12)Ididn’

A)LookoutB)makeoutC)refertoD)goover

13)Weobjectpublishingawholegroupforonefault.

A)againstB)aboutC0toD)for

14)Thematchascancelledbecausemostofthemembers____matchwithoutastandardcourt.

A)objectedtohavingB)wereobjectedtohaveC)objectedtohaveD)wereobjectedtohaving

15)Whatyouhavedoneis___thedoctor’sorders.

A)attachedtoB)responsibletoC)resistenttoD)contraryto

16).

A)superiortoB)moresuperiorthanC)moresuperiortoD)superiorthan

17)Someplantsaresosensitive_____pollutionthattheycanonlysurviveinaperfectlycleanenvironment.

A)fromB)againstC)toD)with

18)Cancerissecondonly___heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.

A)ofB)toC)withD)from

19)Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused___lateforhislecture.

A)tohavestudentsB)forstudents’beingC)forstudentstobeD)tostudents’being

20)Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnotanythingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.

A)toB)inC)forD)from

21)Wewerstruckbytheextent__whichteachers’decisionsservedtointerestsoftheschoolratherthanthoseofthestudents.

A)toB)forC)inD)with

22)Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent___whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.

A)fromB)withC)toD)for

23)TheBritishconstitutionis___alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.

A)withinB)toC)byD)at

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