英语四级重要知识点.docx
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英语四级重要知识点
CET-4中介词to的不同搭配
介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词,在英语中能和动词、名词、形容词等词搭配,表示种种不同的意思,使用时灵活多变,不易掌握,介词to也不例外。
四级考试中,介词to的用法是测试重点之一,应引起特别注意。
本文以历年四级真题为依据,总结了介词to的几种常见搭配,并附上历年四级考试中相关的考题,供考生练习。
一、与某些动词一起构成特定搭配
英语中由“动词+介词to”构成的动词短语数量很大,而在四级考试中,经常被测试到的此类动词短语也很多,可分为两类:
1.“实义动词+介词to”结构
adaptto...(适应于……)
devote...to...(专心于,致力于)
add...to...(增加,添加)
entitle...to...(给……权利、资格等)
adhereto...(追随,依附,坚持)
stickto
clingto
expose...to...(暴露在……之下)
adjustto...(调整,调节)
leadto...(导致……,招致……)
amountto...(达到;意味着)
objectto...(反对)
appealto...(恳求;呼吁)
owe...to...(欠……;对……负有……)
applyto...(应用,运用;向……申请)
reactto...(对……做出反应)
attach...to...(系上,附加于,使附属)
referto...(论及,参照;委托)
attendto...(倾听;照顾,料理)
resortto...(诉诸于……)
attributeto...(把……归因于,认为是……的结果)
respondto...(……做出反应)
belongto...(属于)
seeto...(负责,留意,照料)
compare...to...(与……比较;将……比作为)stickto...(坚持)
confessto...(坦白,坦承)
subject...to...(使遭受…,使蒙受……)
conformto...(顺从,与……一致)
turnto...(翻到;向……求助)
contributeto...(有助于,促使)
yieldto...(屈服于)...
历年四级考题中与上述短语相关的考题很多,下面仅列出一些典型的例子(选项中以黑体字为正确答案):
(1)Thisisthenursewho________tomewhenIwasinhospital.(CET-4,,52)
(2)Iwouldneverhave________acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.(CET-4,,66)
(3)He________tohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.(CET-4,,65)
(4)Eatingtoomuchfatcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.(CET-4,,55)
(5)Ididn'.(CET-4,,35)
(6)Themaninthecornerconfessedto________alietothemanagerofthecompany.(CET-4,,58)
(7)BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he________hisopinion.(CET-4,,60)
(8)Thereishardlyanenvironmentonearth________somespeciesofanimalorotherhasnotadaptedsuccessfully.(CET-4,,53)
(9)Themanagerassuredthecustomerthathiscomplaintwouldbeseen________immediately.(CET-4,,70)
(10)Policehave________tothepublictocomeforwardwithanyinformationwhichmighthelpthemintheirinquiries.(CET-4,,44)
(11)Isitadvisableto________ourbodytothesunlight(CET-4,,62)
2.“be+过去分词/形容词+to”结构
beaddictedto...(对……上瘾)
beopposedto...(反对)
beattachedto...(附属于)
besubjectto...(易遭……的;以……为条件的)
bedueto...(归功于……,因为……)
beused/accustomedto...(习惯于……)
beobjectedto...(反对)...
相关的四级考题如下:
(12)Thecommitteeistotallyopposed________anychangesbeingmadeintheplans.(CET-4,,61)
(13)Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused________lateforhislecture.(CET-4,,31)
'being
'being
(14)Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers________amatchwithoutastandardcourt.(CET-4,,48)
二、与某些名词一起构成特定搭配
此类名词与to一起构成固定结构“名词+介词to”,可分为两类:
1.某些固有名词,如admission,access,answer,approach,barrier,key,right,solution等;
2.由相关动词派生而来的名词,如exposure,objection,reaction,response等。
相关的四级考题如下:
(15)TheBritishgovernmentoftensaysthatfurnishingchildrenwith________totheinformationsuperhighwayisatoppriority.(CET-4,,55)
(16)Ihavenoobjection________yourstoryagain.(CET-4,,27)
(17)Doeseveryoneonearthhaveanequalright________anequalshareofitsresources(CET-4,,55)
(18)Thetraditionalapproach________withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.
(19)ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuch________tothesunisbadfortheskin.(CET-4,,57)
(20)Itwasdifficulttoguesswhather________tothenewswouldbe.(CET-4,,42)
(21)Theyhavebeentryingtoarriveatapracti-
calsolution________theproblem.(CET-4,
,49)
三、与某些形容词一起构成特定搭配
此类形容词后接介词to,构成特定搭配,可分为三类:
1.某些固有形容词,如contrary,cruel,
equivalent,indifferent,parallel,relevant,second,sensitive,similar等;
2.形容词superior,inferior,senior,junior等,这些词虽然都是原级形容词,却含有比较意味,后面都不能用than表示比较,而必须用to;
3.由相关动词派生而来的形容词,如addicted,applicable,comparable,preferable等。
相关的四级考题如下:
(22)Someplantsarevery________tolight;theyprefertheshade.(CET-4,,70)
(23)Colorandsexarenotrelevant________whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.(CET-4,,45)
(24)Adarksuitis________toalightoneforeveningwear.(CET-4,,60)
(25)Physicsis________tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.(CET-4,,24)
(26)Cancerissecondonly________heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.(CET-4,,30)
(27).(CET-4,,55)
(28)Whatyouhavedoneis________thedoctor'sorders.(CET-4,,63)
四、用于特定的介词短语中
含有介词to的介词短语也有很多,具体如下:
asto...(关于)
thanksto...(多亏……,由于……)
inadditionto(加之,除了……之外)
toone'sabilities(capabilities,potential...)(尽某人所能)
incontrastto...(与……对照)
toone'ssurprise(amazement,relief...)(令人感到……)
inresponseto(对……做出反应)
tosomedegree(extent)(在某种程度上)
owingto...(因为)
withreferenceto...(关于,至于)
previousto...(在……之前)
with/inregardto...(关于,至于)
priorto...(先于……;比……重要)
withrespectto...(关于,至于)...
相关的四级考题如下:
(29)________theenormousflowoffoodfromtheentireglobe,thesecountrieshaveformanyyearsnotfeltanypopulationpressure.(CET-4,,46)
(30)TheBritishconstitutionis________alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.(CET-4,,50)
(31)Beingapopstarcanbequiteahardlife,withalotoftravelling________heavyschedules.(CET-4,
(32)Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull________.(CET-4,,35)
(33)Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent________whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.(CET-4,,29)
五、用于特定句型中
介词to还可以用于某些特定句型中,但此类句型不多,常见的只有两例:
whenitcomesto...(当提到……,当论及……)
see(toit)that...(留意……,负责……,务必……)
相关的四级考题如下:
(34)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue________itcomestoclassroomtests.(CET-4,,36)
(35)'ll________thathewillnotbelatetomorrow.(CET-4,9
介词“to”例解
1.Ihavenoobjection____theeveningwiththem.
A)tospendB)tospendingC)ofspendingD)spending
2.Thetraditionalapproach__withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.
A)todealingB)indealingC)dealingD)todeal
3)Doeseveryoneontheearthhaveanequalshareofitsresources
A)byB)atC)tod)over
4)Ihavenoobjection)))yourstoryagain.
A)tohearB)tohearingC)tohavingeardD)tohaveheard
5)Ialways_____whatIhavesaid.
A)gettoB)holdtoC)leadtoD)setto
6)Medicalresearchhasshownthatthewidespreaduseofcigarettecontributes___theincreaseofcancers.
A)towardsB)forC)withD)to
7)’ll___thathewillnotbelatetomorrow.
A)besureB)hopeforC)seetoitD)makeitto
8)BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he___hisopinion.
A)struckatB)stroveforC)stucktoD)stoodfor
9)Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletoyield__anymilitaryhreat.
A)upB)toC)inD)at
10)Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewould___considerablebenefitsforthecountry’shealth,wealthandsecurity.
A)resultfromb)settledownc)lieinD)leadto
11)Thecommitteeistotallyopposed___anychanesbeingmadeintheplans.
A)ofB)agianstC)onD)to
12)Ididn’
A)LookoutB)makeoutC)refertoD)goover
13)Weobjectpublishingawholegroupforonefault.
A)againstB)aboutC0toD)for
14)Thematchascancelledbecausemostofthemembers____matchwithoutastandardcourt.
A)objectedtohavingB)wereobjectedtohaveC)objectedtohaveD)wereobjectedtohaving
15)Whatyouhavedoneis___thedoctor’sorders.
A)attachedtoB)responsibletoC)resistenttoD)contraryto
16).
A)superiortoB)moresuperiorthanC)moresuperiortoD)superiorthan
17)Someplantsaresosensitive_____pollutionthattheycanonlysurviveinaperfectlycleanenvironment.
A)fromB)againstC)toD)with
18)Cancerissecondonly___heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
A)ofB)toC)withD)from
19)Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused___lateforhislecture.
A)tohavestudentsB)forstudents’beingC)forstudentstobeD)tostudents’being
20)Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnotanythingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.
A)toB)inC)forD)from
21)Wewerstruckbytheextent__whichteachers’decisionsservedtointerestsoftheschoolratherthanthoseofthestudents.
A)toB)forC)inD)with
22)Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent___whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.
A)fromB)withC)toD)for
23)TheBritishconstitutionis___alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.
A)withinB)toC)byD)at