第八章被动语气Passive Voice.docx
《第八章被动语气Passive Voice.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第八章被动语气Passive Voice.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
第八章被动语气PassiveVoice
第八章被動語氣（PassiveVoice）
81及物動詞和不及物動詞
任何一個英文句子必定有一個動詞，請先注意以下例句的動詞
1.Hewasateacherbefore.
2.Hewenttoschoolyesterday.
3.Hehitadog.
4.Isawyouyesterday.
5.Hewalkstoschooleveryday.
6.Hesentthisbooktome.
7.Theyaregoodstudents.
8.Hewrotetwonovels.
9.Theyatealloftheapples.
10.Heswimseverymorning.
在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的動詞都是及物動
詞（transitiveverbs）。
這些動詞後面都跟著一個名詞，而這個名詞是
動詞的受詞（object），其他句子的動詞，都是不及物動詞，因為他們
都沒有任何受詞。
我們將以上句子中，主詞、及物動詞和受詞的關係分析如下：
句子主詞及物動詞受詞
Hehitadog.Hehitdog
Isawyouyesterday.Isawyou
Hesenthisbooktome.Hesenthisbook
Hewrotetwonovels.Hewrotetwonovels
Theyatealloftheapples.Theyatealloftheapples
一旦動詞是及物動詞，我們就可以將這個句子由原來的主動語氣
（activevoice）改成被動語氣（passivevoice）。
但我們也要警告讀者，
不要輕易用被動語氣，因為有時被動語氣的句子是不自然的。
82沒有助動詞的被動語氣
在這以前，我們的句子都是主動語氣，這種句子的基本形式如下：
主詞＋動詞＋受詞
所謂的被動語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞。
舉例來說，主動
語氣中，我們說〝我看到一些狗〞，在被動語氣中，我們說〝一些狗
被我看到〞。
在英文中，將主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動
作：
（1）原有受詞變成名詞
（2）動詞變成verbtobe＋過去分詞（pastparticiple）
（3）原有主詞變成在動詞後面，但前面加by。
舉例來說，主動語氣的句子可以是
Isawacat.
被動語氣就成了
Acatwasseenbyme.
最重要的是，verbtobe的時式必須和原句子的相同，以上的例
子中，動詞是過去式，所以verbtobe也是過去式。
除此以外，verbto
be也要配合新的主詞。
請看以下的例子：
Isawtwocats.
改成被動語氣以後，句子是：
Twocatswereseenbyme.
以下是主動改被動的例子，最重要的是注意verbtobe的形式：
主動語氣（activevoice）被動語氣（passivevoice）
Mr.Joneshitthedog.ThedogwashitbyMr.Jones.
Mybrothersawyouyesterday.Youwereseenbymybrotheryesterday.
Hesentthebooktome.Thebookwassenttomebyhim.
Dickenswrotethosetwonovels.Thosetwonovelswerewrittenby
Dickens.
Theyatealloftheapples.Alloftheappleswereeatenbythem.
Janewrotethatsong.ThatsongwaswrittenbyJane.
Mymotherlovesme.Iamlovedbymymother.
【練習二十八】
將以下的句子由主動語氣改成被動：
1.Hesawthatmovielastnight.
2.Hewrotethatlettertome.
3.HeteachesthoseEnglishclasses.
4.Godlovesyou.
5.Theyboughttwohouses.
6.Ipaintedthisroom.
7.Hegrowsthoseroses.
8.Hehelpshisstudents.
9.Isoldthehouse.
10.Myuncleboughtthiscar.
【練習二十九】
將以下的句子由被動語氣改成主動語氣：
1.Thepolicemanwasseenbyme.
2.Thosetwobookswerewrittenbyme.
3.Thesesentenceswerecorrectedbymyteacher.
4.Hewashitbyacar.
5.Hisdoorwaslockedbyme.
6.Hishousewasbuiltbymyfather.
7.Hisboatwasgiventomebymyfather.
8.Thisbirdisrarelyseenbypeoplehere.
9.Heislikedbyeveryone.
10.Theyweregiventendollarsbytheirfriends.
11.Thispicturewastakenbyhim.
12.Toomuchwinewasdrunkbytheyoungmen.
13.IwastaughtbyMr.Wang.
14.Hewashelpedbyhisfather.
15.Theywereservedbythatwaiter.
16.Hisfoodwaspreparedbymymother.
17.Histoywasmadebymysister.
18.ThebookwasreturnedtomebyJim.
19.Thatsongwaswrittenbymybrother.
20.Iwasinvitedbyhimtoaparty.
83有助動詞肯定句子的被動語氣
在上一節，我們所有的例子都只是肯定句子，句子中沒有助動
詞，可是有些肯定句子還是有助動詞的，以下是一些例子：
主動語氣被動語氣
現在進形式Iamwritingthisletter.Theletterisbeingwrittenby
me.
現在完程式Ihavewrittentheletter.Theletterhasbeenwrittenby
me.
過去進形式Iwaswritingtheletterwhen
youcame.
Theletterwasbeingwrittenby
mewhenyoucame.
過去完程式Ihadwrittentheletterbefore
youcame.
Theletterhadbeenwrittenby
mebeforeyoucame.
未來式Iwillwritetheletter.Theletterwillbewrittenbyme.
未來完成式Iwillhavewrittenthisletter.Thisletterwillhavebeen
writtenbyme.
未來式Iamgoingtoseeyou.Youaregoingtobeseenbyme.
以下是更多的例子：
主動語氣被動語氣
Ihaveseenhim.Hehasbeenseenbyme.
Heisgoingtohelpyou.Youaregoingtobehelpedbyhim.
HewillteachEnglish.Englishwillbetaughtbyhim.
Hehashelpedmeallmylife.Ihavebeenhelpedbyhimallmylife.
Hehadcalledmebeforeyoucame.Ihadbeencalledbyhimbeforeyou
came.
HewascallinghismotherwhenweHismotherwasbeingcalledbyhim
wentthere.whenwewentthere.
助動詞不一定和時式有關，can、should、hasto等等都是助動詞，
這些助動詞在改成被動語氣的時後，都應維持原狀，只需加入verbto
be和過去分詞即可。
以下是一些例子：
主動語氣被動語氣
Icanplaythepiano.Thepianocanbeplayedbyme.
Imayusethisroom.Thisroommaybeusedbyme.
Hemustgivethebooktome.Thebookmustbegiventomebyhim.
Youshouldhelphim.Heshouldbehelpedbyyou.
Youhavetowritethisletter.Thisletterhastobewrittenbyyou.
Heoughttowritethisreport.Thisreportoughttobewrittenbyhim.
【練習三十】
將以下的句子改成被動語氣：
1.Hehaswrittenthreenovels.
2.Hewillwritethatletter.
3.Theywillsingthesesongstomorrow.
4.Hewillgivethespeech.
5.Theyarepaintingthehouse.
6.Ihavegivenhimthreebooks.
7.Icandothisjob.
8.Hehadtoldmethatstorybeforewewentthere.
9.Teachersshouldhelpthestudents.
10.Heiswritingthereportnow.
11.Thestudentsmustreadthisbook.
12.Ihavetogivethislettertomymothertonight.
13.Allcitizensoughttoobeythelaw.
14.Hehaseatenallofthecakes.
15.Thereportersweretakingpictureswhenthestormstarted.
16.Hehadfinishedtheworkbeforefiveo'clocklastnight.
17.Peterwillwritethatletter.
18.Johnhasreceivedmyletter.
19.Millionsofpeoplesawthemovie“Gonewiththewind”.
20.Hehasprovedthattheorem.
【練習三十一】
將以下句子改成主動語氣：
1.TwobookshavebeenwrittenbyJoseph.
2.FootballisbeingplayedbyJohn.
3.Heshouldbegiventhatlecturebyhisfather.
4.Thatreportwillbewrittenbyhim.
5.TheletterhasbeenreceivedbytheKing.
6.Thismovieshouldbeseenbyeveryone.
7.Thisbookoughttobereadbyeverystudent.
8.Theyarebeinghelpedbyme.
9.Themovieisgoingtobeseenbyallofus.
10.Thiscakecanbeeatenbykids.
84否定句子的被動語氣
將一個否定句子或一個問句改成被動語氣，其步驟如下：
（1）將此句子改成肯定句子
（2）將此肯定句子改成被動語氣
（3）將此被動語氣的句子改成否定句子
現在舉一個否定的例子：
Ididnottakethispicture.
對應的肯定句子是：
Itookthispicture.
改成被動語氣：
Thispicturewastakenbyme.
再改成否定句子：
Thispicturewasnottakenbyme.
下面的例子都是用來解釋如何將一個否定句子改成被動語氣：
1.Theydidnotlikethemusic.
（a）.Theylikedthemusic.
（b）.Themusicwaslikedbythem.
（c）.Themusicwasnotlikedbythem.
2.Ihavenotwrittenthatletter.
（a）.Ihavewrittenthatletter.
（b）.Thatletterhasbeenwrittenbyme.
（c）.Thatletterhasnotbeenwrittenbyme.
3.Youcannoteatthatcake.
（a）.Youcaneatthatcake.
（b）.Thatcakecanbeeatenbyyou.
（c）.Thatcakecannotbeeatenbyyou.
4.Hedoesnotplaymusic.
（a）.Heplaysthatkindofmusic.
（b）.Thatkindofmusicisplayedbyhim.
（c）.Thatkindofmusicisnotplayedbyhim.
5.Iamnotgoingtoseeyou.
（a）.Iamgoingtoseeyou.
（b）.Youaregoingtobeseenbyme.
（c）.Youarenotgoingtobeseenbyme.
6.Theywillnotseethatmovie.
（a）.Theywillseethatmovie.
（b）.Thatmoviewillbeseenbythem.
（c）.Thatmoviewillnotbeseenbythem.
7.Theydidnothelpme.
（a）.Theyhelpedme.
（b）.Iwashelpedbythem.
（c）.Iwasnothelpedbythem.
8.Ididnottellthatstory.
（a）.Itoldthatstory.
（b）.Thatstorywastoldbyme.
（c）.Thatstorywasnottoldbyme.
在下面，我們將省略中間步驟，直接寫出一個否定句子的被動語
氣，英文好的人應該是不需要中間步驟的：
主動語氣被動語氣
Theydonotenjoysuchmusic.Suchmusicisnotenjoyedbythem.
Hedidnottellthatstory.Thatstorywasnottoldbyhim.
Theyhavenotwrittenthatstory.Thatstoryhasnotbeentoldby
them.
Peterisgoingtoseeme.IamnotgoingtobeseenbyPeter.
Hewillnothelpme.Iwillnotbehelpedbyhim.
Johnwillnoteatthatcake.ThatcakewillnotbeeatenbyJohn.
Icannotdrinkthatwine.Thatwinecannotbedrunkbyme.
【練習三十二】
將以下的否定句子改成被動語氣：
1.Thefarmersheredonotgrowapples.
2.Hedidnotmeetmelastnight.
3.Ihavenotwrittenthatletter.
4.Johnisnotgoingtoseethatmovie.
5.Ididnotwatchthatmovie.
6.HedoesnotspeakEnglish.
7.HewillnotspeakEnglish.
8.Youshouldnoteatthatcake.
9.Mymotherdoesnoteatthatkindoffish.
10.Johnhasnotwrittenthatreport.
【練習三十三】
將以下句子改成主動語氣：
1.Thebookwasnotwrittenbyhim.
2.Iamnotgoingtobehelpedbyyou.
3.ThatbookhasnotbeenreceivedbyJohn.
4.Thatsongisnotlikedbycollegestudents.
5.JohnisnotlovedbyMary.
6.Iwillnotbemetbymystudenttomorrow.
7.Meatisnoteatenbyvegetarians.
8.Thedoorwasnotopenedbyme.
9.Thattendollarswerenotpaidbyme.
10.Thecarwasnotboughtbyme.
85問句的被動語氣
將問句改成被動語氣，步驟類似上一節的步驟，我們先將問句變
成肯定句子，然後將這個定句子變成被動語氣，最後在將這個被動語
氣的句子變回，成為問句。
例如：
Doyoungkidsenjoyclassicalmusic?
先改成肯定句子
Youngkidsenjoyclassicalmusic.
再改成被動語氣
Musicisenjoyedbyyoungkids.
最後改成問句
Ismusicenjoyedbyyoungkids?
為了使讀者熟悉這些步驟，我們在下面舉了很多的例子：
1.Didyoueatthatcake?
（a）.Youatethatcake.
（b）.Thatcakewaseatenbyyou.
（c）.Wasthatcakeeatenbyyou?
2.DofarmersinTaiwangrowapples?
（a）FarmersinTaiwangrowapples.
（b）ApplesaregrownbyfarmersinTaiwan.
（c）AreapplesgrownbyfarmersinTaiwan?
3.Haveyoufinishedthereport?
（a）Youhavefinishedthereport.
（b）Thereporthasbeenfinishedbyyou.
（c）Hasthereportbeenfinishedbyyou?
4.Whendidyouwritethatletter?
（a）Youwrotethatletter.
（b）Thatletterwaswrittenbyyou.
（c）Whenwastheletterwrittenbyyou?
5.Haveyouseenthatmovie?
（a）Youhaveseenthatmovie.
（b）Thatmoviehasbeenseenbyyou.
（c）Hasthemoviebeenseenbyyou?
6.WhendidStevensonwritethatnovel?
（a）Stevensonwrotethatnovel.
（b）ThatnovelwaswrittenbyStevenson.
（c）WhenwasthatnovelwrittenbyStevenson?
8.Ishepaintinghisroom?
（a）Heispaintinghisroom.
（b）Hisroomisbeingpaintedbyhim.
（c）Ishisroombeingpaintedbyhim?
在下面，我們將省略中間步驟，直接寫出一個問句的被動語氣，
英文好的人應該是不需要中間步驟的：
主動語氣被動語氣
Doeshehelphisstudents?
Arehisstudentshelpedbyhim?
Didhetellthatstory?
Wasthatstorytoldbyhim?
Hasshewrittenthatstory?
Hasthatstorybeenwrittenbyher?
WhomisPetergoingtovisit?
Whoisgoingtobevisitedb
升级会员 