第八章被动语气Passive Voice.docx

1、第八章被动语气Passive Voice第八章被動語氣(Passive Voice)8 1 及物動詞和不及物動詞任何一個英文句子必定有一個動詞，請先注意以下例句的動詞1. He was a teacher before.2. He went to school yesterday.3. He hit a dog.4. I saw you yesterday.5. He walks to school every day.6. He sent this book to me.7. They are good students.8. He wrote two novels.9. They ate

2、all of the apples.10. He swims every morning.在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8 及9 句子中的動詞都是及物動詞（transitive verbs）。這些動詞後面都跟著一個名詞，而這個名詞是動詞的受詞（object ），其他句子的動詞，都是不及物動詞，因為他們都沒有任何受詞。我們將以上句子中，主詞、及物動詞和受詞的關係分析如下：句子主詞及物動詞受詞He hit a dog. He hit dogI saw you yesterday. I saw youHe sent his book to me. He sent his bookHe wrote t

3、wo novels. He wrote two novelsThey ate all of the apples. They ate all of the apples一旦動詞是及物動詞，我們就可以將這個句子由原來的主動語氣（active voice）改成被動語氣（passive voice）。但我們也要警告讀者，不要輕易用被動語氣，因為有時被動語氣的句子是不自然的。8 2 沒有助動詞的被動語氣在這以前，我們的句子都是主動語氣，這種句子的基本形式如下：主詞動詞受詞所謂的被動語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞。舉例來說，主動語氣中，我們說我看到一些狗，在被動語氣中，我們說一些狗被我看到。在英文中，將

4、主動語氣改成被動語氣，必須做以下的動作：（1） 原有受詞變成名詞（2） 動詞變成verb to be過去分詞（past participle）（3） 原有主詞變成在動詞後面，但前面加by。舉例來說，主動語氣的句子可以是I saw a cat.被動語氣就成了A cat was seen by me.最重要的是，verb to be 的時式必須和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，動詞是過去式，所以verb to be 也是過去式。除此以外，verb tobe 也要配合新的主詞。請看以下的例子：I saw two cats.改成被動語氣以後，句子是：Two cats were seen by me.以下是

5、主動改被動的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be 的形式：主動語氣（active voice） 被動語氣（passive voice）Mr. Jones hit the dog. The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.My brother saw you yesterday. You were seen by my brother yesterday.He sent the book to me. The book was sent to me by him.Dickens wrote those two novels. Those two novels were wr

6、itten byDickens.They ate all of the apples. All of the apples were eaten by them.Jane wrote that song. That song was written by Jane.My mother loves me. I am loved by my mother.【練習二十八】將以下的句子由主動語氣改成被動：1. He saw that movie last night.2. He wrote that letter to me.3. He teaches those English classes.4.

7、 God loves you.5. They bought two houses.6. I painted this room.7. He grows those roses.8. He helps his students.9. I sold the house.10.My uncle bought this car.【練習二十九】將以下的句子由被動語氣改成主動語氣：1. The policeman was seen by me.2. Those two books were written by me.3. These sentences were corrected by my teac

8、her.4. He was hit by a car.5. His door was locked by me.6. His house was built by my father.7. His boat was given to me by my father.8. This bird is rarely seen by people here.9. He is liked by every one.10.They were given ten dollars by their friends.11.This picture was taken by him.12.Too much win

9、e was drunk by the young men.13.I was taught by Mr. Wang.14.He was helped by his father.15.They were served by that waiter.16.His food was prepared by my mother.17.His toy was made by my sister.18.The book was returned to me by Jim.19.That song was written by my brother.20.I was invited by him to a

10、party.8 3 有助動詞肯定句子的被動語氣在上一節，我們所有的例子都只是肯定句子，句子中沒有助動詞，可是有些肯定句子還是有助動詞的，以下是一些例子：主動語氣被動語氣現在進形式I am writing this letter. The letter is being written byme.現在完程式I have written the letter. The letter has been written byme.過去進形式I was writing the letter whenyou came.The letter was being written byme when you c

11、ame.過去完程式I had written the letter beforeyou came.The letter had been written byme before you came.未來式I will write the letter. The letter will be written by me.未來完成式I will have written this letter. This letter will have beenwritten by me.未來式I am going to see you. You are going to be seen by me.以下是更多的

12、例子：主動語氣被動語氣I have seen him. He has been seen by me.He is going to help you. You are going to be helped by him.He will teach English. English will be taught by him.He has helped me all my life. I have been helped by him all my life.He had called me before you came. I had been called by him before you

13、came.He was calling his mother when we His mother was being called by himwent there. when we went there.助動詞不一定和時式有關，can、should、has to 等等都是助動詞，這些助動詞在改成被動語氣的時後，都應維持原狀，只需加入verb tobe 和過去分詞即可。以下是一些例子：主動語氣被動語氣I can play the piano. The piano can be played by me.I may use this room. This room may be used by

14、 me.He must give the book to me. The book must be given to me by him.You should help him. He should be helped by you.You have to write this letter. This letter has to be written by you.He ought to write this report. This report ought to be written by him.【練習三十】將以下的句子改成被動語氣：1. He has written three no

15、vels.2. He will write that letter.3. They will sing these songs tomorrow.4. He will give the speech.5. They are painting the house.6. I have given him three books.7. I can do this job.8. He had told me that story before we went there.9. Teachers should help the students.10.He is writing the report n

16、ow.11.The students must read this book.12.I have to give this letter to my mother tonight.13.All citizens ought to obey the law.14.He has eaten all of the cakes.15.The reporters were taking pictures when the storm started.16.He had finished the work before five oclock last night.17.Peter will write

17、that letter.18.John has received my letter.19.Millions of people saw the movie “Gone with the wind”.20.He has proved that theorem.【練習三十一】將以下句子改成主動語氣：1. Two books have been written by Joseph.2. Football is being played by John.3. He should be given that lecture by his father.4. That report will be wr

18、itten by him.5. The letter has been received by the King.6. This movie should be seen by every one.7. This book ought to be read by every student.8. They are being helped by me.9. The movie is going to be seen by all of us.10. This cake can be eaten by kids.8 4 否定句子的被動語氣將一個否定句子或一個問句改成被動語氣，其步驟如下：（1）

19、將此句子改成肯定句子（2） 將此肯定句子改成被動語氣（3） 將此被動語氣的句子改成否定句子現在舉一個否定的例子：I did not take this picture.對應的肯定句子是：I took this picture.改成被動語氣：This picture was taken by me.再改成否定句子：This picture was not taken by me.下面的例子都是用來解釋如何將一個否定句子改成被動語氣：1. They did not like the music.(a). They liked the music.(b). The music was liked b

20、y them.(c). The music was not liked by them.2. I have not written that letter.(a). I have written that letter.(b). That letter has been written by me.(c). That letter has not been written by me.3. You can not eat that cake.(a). You can eat that cake.(b). That cake can be eaten by you.(c). That cake

21、can not be eaten by you.4. He does not play music.(a). He plays that kind of music.(b). That kind of music is played by him.(c). That kind of music is not played by him.5. I am not going to see you.(a). I am going to see you.(b). You are going to be seen by me.(c). You are not going to be seen by me

22、.6. They will not see that movie.(a). They will see that movie.(b). That movie will be seen by them.(c). That movie will not be seen by them.7. They did not help me.(a). They helped me.(b). I was helped by them.(c). I was not helped by them.8. I did not tell that story.(a). I told that story.(b). Th

23、at story was told by me.(c). That story was not told by me.在下面，我們將省略中間步驟，直接寫出一個否定句子的被動語氣，英文好的人應該是不需要中間步驟的：主動語氣被動語氣They do not enjoy such music. Such music is not enjoyed by them.He did not tell that story. That story was not told by him.They have not written that story. That story has not been told

24、bythem.Peter is going to see me. I am not going to be seen by Peter.He will not help me. I will not be helped by him.John will not eat that cake. That cake will not be eaten by John.I can not drink that wine. That wine can not be drunk by me.【練習三十二】將以下的否定句子改成被動語氣：1. The farmers here do not grow appl

25、es.2. He did not meet me last night.3. I have not written that letter.4. John is not going to see that movie.5. I did not watch that movie.6. He does not speak English.7. He will not speak English.8. You should not eat that cake.9. My mother does not eat that kind of fish.10.John has not written tha

26、t report.【練習三十三】將以下句子改成主動語氣：1. The book was not written by him.2. I am not going to be helped by you.3. That book has not been received by John.4. That song is not liked by college students.5. John is not loved by Mary.6. I will not be met by my student tomorrow.7. Meat is not eaten by vegetarians.8

27、. The door was not opened by me.9. That ten dollars were not paid by me.10.The car was not bought by me.8 5 問句的被動語氣將問句改成被動語氣，步驟類似上一節的步驟，我們先將問句變成肯定句子，然後將這個定句子變成被動語氣，最後在將這個被動語氣的句子變回，成為問句。例如：Do young kids enjoy classical music?先改成肯定句子Young kids enjoy classical music.再改成被動語氣Music is enjoyed by young kid

28、s.最後改成問句Is music enjoyed by young kids?為了使讀者熟悉這些步驟，我們在下面舉了很多的例子：1. Did you eat that cake?(a). You ate that cake.(b). That cake was eaten by you.(c). Was that cake eaten by you?2. Do farmers in Taiwan grow apples?(a) Farmers in Taiwan grow apples.(b) Apples are grown by farmers in Taiwan.(c) Are appl

29、es grown by farmers in Taiwan?3. Have you finished the report?(a) You have finished the report.(b) The report has been finished by you.(c) Has the report been finished by you?4. When did you write that letter?(a) You wrote that letter.(b) That letter was written by you.(c) When was the letter writte

30、n by you?5. Have you seen that movie?(a) You have seen that movie.(b) That movie has been seen by you.(c) Has the movie been seen by you?6. When did Stevenson write that novel?(a) Stevenson wrote that novel.(b) That novel was written by Stevenson.(c) When was that novel written by Stevenson?8. Is he

31、 painting his room?(a) He is painting his room.(b) His room is being painted by him.(c) Is his room being painted by him?在下面，我們將省略中間步驟，直接寫出一個問句的被動語氣，英文好的人應該是不需要中間步驟的：主動語氣被動語氣Does he help his students? Are his students helped by him?Did he tell that story? Was that story told by him?Has she written that story? Has that story been written by her?Whom is Peter going to visit? Who is going to be visited b