北京中考各区二模阅读CD篇.docx

北京中考各区二模阅读CD篇.docx

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北京中考各区二模阅读CD篇

海淀

C

“Earworms”,somepeoplecallthem.Songsthatgetstuckinyourheadgoroundandround,sometimesfordays,sometimesformonths.FornoclearreasonyoucannothelpyourselffromhummingorsingingatunebyLadyGaga.

Toapsychologist,themostinterestingthingaboutearwormsisthattheyshowapartofourmindthatisclearlyoutsideofourcontrol.Earwormsarrivewithoutpermissionandrefusetoleavewhenwetellthemto.Theyareparasites（寄生虫）,livinginapartofourminds.

Ifyouhavegotaearwormyoucansufferanattackofitsimplybysomeonementioningthetune,withouthavingtohearit.Thisprovesthatearwormsareapartoflong-termmemory.

Humanhavean“innerear”,forrememberingphonenumbers,forinstance.

Whenitgetsinfectedwithearworms,ratherthanreviewourplansfortheday,orlistsofthingstoremember,theinnereargetsstuckonafewshortbarsofmusicoracoupleofphrasesfromasong.Apartofusthatwenormallydonothavetothinkabout,thatshouldjustdowhatweask,hasbeenturnedagainstus,upsettinguswitharequestthatweneveraskedfor.Themindisaninnerworldwhichwedonothavecompleteknowledgeof,orhavecontrolover.

Fortunatelypsychologycanprovidesomeadviceonhowtodealwithanuncontrollablemind.Considerthefamous“don’tthinkofawhitebear”problem,whichtellyoutotrynottothinkaboutwhitebearsortodosomethingelse,toavoidboththinkingofthewhitebearandnotthinkingofthewhitebear.Forearworms,thesolutionmaybethesame.Ourinnerearhasbecomeinfectedwithanearworm.Thisisapartnotunderourcontrol,sojustsendingininstructionsto“shutup”isunlikelytobeofmuchhelp（andhasbeenshowntomakeitworse）.Muchbetteristoemploytheinnerearinanothertask.IfyourmindispoisonedbyBrittanySpears’Toxic,forinstance,thentrysingingKylieMinogue’sCan’tGetYouOutOfMyHead.Letmeknowifitworks!

53.Accordingtothepassage,earwormsare______.

A.songsthatkeepgoingroundinourmind

B.tunesbypopsingerslikeLadyGaga

C.parasitesclearlyunderourcontrol

D.wormsthatliveinapartofourbrain

54.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A.Singingsongsmaygetearwormsoutofyourhead.

B.Earwormsareusedforkeepinglong-termmemory.

C.Humansdonothavecompletecontrolovertheirmind.

D.Youwon’tsufferfromearwormsunlessyouhearthesong.

55.Whatdoes“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Theinstructiontoshutupyourmind.

B.“Don’tthinkofthewhitebear”problem.

C.KylieMinogue’sCan’tGetYououtOfMyhead.

D.Therelationbetweenearwormsandpopularsongs.

56.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecausesandinfluencesofearworms.

B.Whatearwormsareandhowtodealwiththem.

C.Howtoclearearwormsfromyourhead.

D.Therelationbetweenearwormsandpopularsongs.

D

Peoplehaveusedpigeonstocarrymessagetooneanotherforhundredsofyears.Inthe12thcentury,theroyalpalacesofIraqandSyriaincludedpigeonhousessothekingscouldbekeptinformedoftheirgenerals’victoriesanddefeatsonthebattlefield.Infact,pigeonswereacommonwaytosendmessagerightupthroughWorldWarII.

Manycountries,suchastheUnitedStates,England,France,Germany,andItaly,inbothWorldWarIandWorldWarII,usedcarriespigeons.Notonlywerethebirdsoftenthefastest,mostreliablewaytosendmessages,theycouldalsobeusedtoreachsoldiersfarbehindenemylines,whereradiosandfieldtelephonelineswereuseless.Sincetheycouldeasilybereleased（释放）fromairplanesorships,everybranchofthearmedservicesusedthebirds.InWorldWarII,morethan3,000soldiersand150officerswereneededtocareforandtrainthetensofthousandsofbirdsintheU.S.PigeonService.

Carryingmessagecouldbeadangerousjob.Somepigeonsperformedwithsuchbraverythattheybecamefamousandwereevenawardedmedals,suchasEngland’sDickenMedalofGallantry.Inafewcases,pigeonsevenbecameprisonersofwar.In1918AmericanforcescapturedapigeonnamedKaiser,whichhadbeentrainedtoflyspecialmissionsforGermany,duringbattle.HewastakentoAmerica,wherehelivedtotheageof32.ThemostfamouspigeonofallmayhavebeenCherAmi.StationedinFranceduringWorldWarI,hecarriedtwelveimportantmessagesforAmericanforces.Onhislastmission,thoughwounded,hecarriedamessagethatsavedthelivesof194Americansoldiers.Forhisextraordinaryservice,hewasawardedtheFrench“CroixdeGuerre.”

Today,moderncommunicationmethodscancarryinformationfromoneplacetoanotherhundredsoftimesfasterthanapigeoncoulddo.However,fewpeoplewouldarguewiththefactthatcarrierpigeons---especiallythosethatservedinthemilitary---haveearnedtheirplaceinhistory.StoriesaboutbravepigeonssuchasCherAmi,PresidentWilson,andColonel’sLadyhavethepowertoinspireusasnofaxmachineorhigh-speedInternetconnectioncouldeverdo.

57.Manycountriesusedcarrierpigeonsinthewarbecause______.

A.theycouldbebelievedin

B.theywereeasilyraised

C.theycouldreachtheenemylines

D.theycouldhardlybefoundbyairplanes

58.Whichisthebestexampletoshowthebraveryofthecarrierpigeons?

A.Carrierpigeonscouldflytoplaceswhereradiosandtelephonelineswereuseless.

B.Forhisextraordinaryservice,CherAmiwasawardedtheFrench“CroxdeGuere”.

C.InWorldWarII,morethan3,000soldierswereneededtocareforandtrainthepigeons.

D.Inthe12thcentury,kingsinIraqwerekeptinformedofthevictoriesanddefeatsbypigeons.

59.fromthepassage,wecanlearn______.

A.howcarrierpigeonsdevelopedinhistory

B.howtotraincarrierpigeonstogetvictory

C.carrierpigeonsplayedanimportantroleinthewarsintheolddays

D.pigeonsinspiredsoldierstofightbeforehigh-speedinternetinvented

53.A54.C55.D56.B57.A58.B59.C

西城

C

OnMay2,2012,AshokGadgilbecamethewinnerofthe$100,000Lemelson-MITAwardforGlobalInnovation（全球创新奖）.Eachyear,thehonorisgiventoaninventorwhohasmadeabigdifferenceinthelivesofpeopleindevelopingcountries.GadgilisaprofessorandphysicistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Hespentthirtyyearshelpingpeopleinneed.Hisinventionshavehelpedmorethan100millionpeoplearoundtheworld.“Ichosetofocusonproblemswheremyknowledgeofsciencecouldhelp,”Gadgilsaid.

Inthe1990s,Gadgildesignedhisfirstlife-savinginventionaftermorethan10,000peoplediedfromBengalcholera（孟加拉霍乱）becauseofthecleanwatercrisis（危机）inIndia.Hisinventionusesultravioletlighttokilldeadlydisease-carryinggerms（细菌）fromdrinkingwater.Itcostsjustonecenttocleanfivelitersofwater（about21cups）.Sofar,theinventionhasprovidedsafedrinkingwaterformorethanfivemillionpeopleinIndiaandotherdevelopingcountries.

Gadgil’sanotherimportantinventionistheBerkeley-DarfurStove（炉具）.ThelongandviolentwarinDarfur,Sudan,hascausedmanypeopletomovetoforeigncountriesandliveinrefugeecamps（难民营）.Theyaregivenfoodaid.Butpeoplestillhavetotravelalongdistancefivetimesaweektogatherfirewoodtocookmeals.Thiscanbedangerousbecauseofstreetviolenceinthearea.Toavoiddanger,somespendmuchoftheirmoneyusedtofeedtheirfamiliesbuyingfirewood.

ThestoveGadgilcreatedcutsfuelusageby55%.Thatmeanspeoplewouldn’thavetoleavethecampstofindfirewoodasoften.Theinventionalsohelpstosavehomesmorethan$300ayear.About125,000peopleandtheirfamilieshavebeenhelped.

Asaprofessor,Gadgilencourageshisstudents,“Beoptimistic（乐观的）whenyoutryahardproblem,”hesays.“It’swhenyousolvealargeproblemthatyoucanhaveabiginfluenceontheworld.”

54.AshokGadgilwasgiventhehonorbecause_______.

A.hewasafamousprofessorandphysicistatUC,Berkeley

B.heimprovedthelivesofpeopleindevelopingcountries

C.hespentthirtyyearshelpingpeopleinneed

D.hedevelopedusefulinventionswithhisteam

55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGadgilisTRUE?

A.Hehelpedabout125,000peopleinIndia.

B.Hespentlotsofmoneyonhisinventions.

C.Heusedhisknowledgetohelppeopleinneed.

D.OneofhisinventionscouldcureBengalcholera.

56.WhatdopeoplebenefitfromtheBerkeley-DarfurStove?

A.Theycansellstovestomakealiving.

B.Theycansavebothtimeandmoney.

C.Theycanbeprotectedfromdiseases.

D.Theycancooktheirfoodeasily.

D

Theartoflivingistoknowwhentoholdfastandwhentoletgo.Forlifeisaparadox（自相矛盾）:

itordersustoholdtightlytoitsmanygiftsevenwhileitforcesustogiveupeverythingatlast.Asanoldsayinggoes,“Amancomesintothisworldwithhisfistclenched（握紧拳头）,butwhenhedies,hishandisopen.”

Surelyweoughttoholdfasttolife,foritiswonderful,andfullofbeauty.Weknowthatthisisso,butalltoooftenwerecognizethistruthtoolate.Werememberwhatitwasandthensuddenlyrealizethatitisnomore.

Werememberabeautyoralovethatdisappeared.Butwerememberwithfargreaterpainthatwedidnotseethatbeautywhenitfloweredandthatwefailedtoreactwithlovewhenitwasgentle.

Arecentexperiencere-taughtmethistruth.Iwashospitalizedfollowingaseriousheartattackandhadbeeninintensivecare（特别护理）forseveraldays.Itwasnotapleasantplace.

Onemorning,Ihadtohavesomeadditionaltests.Therequiredmachineswerelocatedinabuildingattheoppositeendofthehospital,soIhadtobewheeledacrossthecourtyard.

Aswegotoutfromourunit,thesunlighthitme.That’sall