单片机步进电机控制器设计文献翻译.docx

单片机步进电机控制器设计文献翻译.docx

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单片机步进电机控制器设计文献翻译

毕业设计说明书

TheUseofStepperMotor

步进电机的应用

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Theuseofsteppermotor

Steppermotoristheelectricpulsesignalsintoangulardisplacementorlineardisplacementoftheopen-loopsteppermotorcontrolelementpieces.Inthecaseofnon-overloaded,themotorspeed,stoppositiondependsonlyonthepulsefrequencyandpulsenumber,regardlessofloadchanges,whenthedriverreceivesasteppulsesignal,itwilldriveasteppermotortoSetthedirectionofrotationofafixedangle,calledthe"stepangle",whichtheangleofrotationisfixedstepbystepoperation.Numberofpulsescanbecontrolledbycontrollingtheangulardisplacement,soastoachieveaccuratepositioningpurposes;thesametimebycontrollingthepulsefrequencytocontrolthemotorrotationspeedandacceleration,toachievespeedcontrolpurposes.

Work:

Inductionmotorisasteppermotor,doesitworkistheuseofelectroniccircuits,theDCpowersupplyintoatime-sharing,multi-phasetimingcontrolcurrent,thiscurrentsteppermotorpowersupply,thesteppermotortoworkproperly,Thedriveissharingpowersupplyforthesteppermotor,thepolyphasetimingcontroller

Althoughthesteppermotorhasbeenwidelyused,butthesteppermotordoesnotlikeanormalDCmotor,ACmotorintheconventionaluse.Itmustbedouble-ringpulsesignal,powerdrivercircuitcomposedofthecontrolsystemcanbeused.Therefore,itisnoteasywithagoodsteppingmotor,whichinvolvesmechanical,electrical,electronicsandcomputers,andmanyotherspecializedknowledge.

Asthesteppermotoractuators,electromechanicalintegration,oneofthekeyproducts,widelyusedinavarietyofautomaticcontrolsystems.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,increasingdemandforsteppermotor,hasapplicationsinallareasofthenationaleconomy.

Categories:

Nowmorecommonlyusedincludethereactionofstepmotorsteppermotor（VR）,permanentmagnetsteppermotor（PM）,hybridsteppermotors（HB）andsingle-phasesteppermotor.

Permanentmagnetsteppermotor

Permanentmagnetsteppermotorisgenerallytwo-phase,torque,andsmaller,usually7.5degreestepangleor15degrees;

Permanentmagnetsteppermotoroutputtorque,dynamicperformance,butalargestepangle:

ReactionStepperMotor

Reactionisgenerallythree-phasesteppingmotorcanachievehightorqueoutput,stepangleof1.5degreesisgenerally,butthenoiseandvibrationarelarge.Reactionbythesteppermotorrotormagneticcircuitmade​​ofsoftmagneticmaterials,anumberofthestatorphaseexcitationwinding,theuseofpermeabilitychangesintorque.

StepMotorsimplestructure,lowproductioncosts,stepangleissmall;butthedynamicperformanceispoor.

HybridSteppingMotor

HybridStepMotorcombinesreactive,permanentmagnetsteppermotorsofboth,it'sasmallstepangle,contributealarge,dynamicperformance,iscurrentlythehighestperformancesteppermotor.ItisalsosometimesreferredtoasPermanentMagnetInductionSteppingMotor.Itconsistsoftwophasesandthefive-phase:

thegeneraltwo-phasestepangleof1.8degreesandthegeneralfive-phasestepangle0.72degrees.ThemostwidelyusedStepperMotor.

Steppermotordriveforenergysaving

Three-phasesteppermotordrivespecialfeatures:

■180%lowtorqueoutput,lowfrequencycharacteristicsofagoodrun

■Maximumoutputfrequency600Hz,high-speedmotorcontrol

■fullrangeofdetectionofprotection（overvoltage,undervoltage,overload）instantaneouspowerfailurerestart

■acceleration,deceleration,suchasdynamicchangeinthestallprotectionfunctiontoprevent

■Electricaldynamicparametersofautomaticrecognitionfunctiontoensurestabilityandaccuracyofthesystem

■quickresponseandhigh-speedshutdown

■abundantandflexibleinputandoutputinterfaceandcontrol,versatility

■useofSMTproductionandthreefull-mountanti-painttreatmentprocess,productstabilityandhigh

■fullrangeofSiemensIGBTpowerdevicesusingthelatest,toensurethequalityofhigh-quality

Basicprinciples

Usuallyforthepermanentmagnetrotormotor,whencurrentflowsthroughthestatorwindings,thestatorwindingsproduceamagneticfieldvector.Themagneticfieldwillleadtoarotorangleofthemagneticfieldmakesthedirectionofarotorandthestator'smagneticfielddirection.Whenthestatormagneticfieldvectorrotatingatanangle.Astherotormagneticfieldisalsotransferredfromanotherperspective.Anelectricalpulseforeachinput,themotorturningapointforward.Itistheangulardisplacementoftheoutputandinputthenumberofpulsesproportionaltospeedandpulsefrequencyisproportionalto.Powertochangetheorderofwinding,themotorwillreverse.Therefore,thenumberofavailablecontrolpulse,frequencyandpowerthemotorwindingsofeachphaseinordertocontrolthesteppermotorrotation.

ReactionStepperMotor

Astheresponsetosteppingmotorworksisrelativelysimple.Thefollowingdescribesthefirstprincipleofthree-phasesteppingmotorresponse.

1,thestructure:

uniformlydistributedrotorwithmanysmallteeth,thestatorexcitationwindingsofthreeteeth,thegeometricaxisoftherotortoothaxisinorderwerestaggered.0,1/3て,2/3て,（adjacenttothetwoaxesoftherotortoothpitchdistancebetweentheてsaid）,thatis,withtheteetharelativelyhomogeneousA,Bandstaggeredtooth2totheright1/3て,Candtherighttostaggertooth32/3て,A'andthetooth5isrelativelyhomogeneous,（A'isA,isthegearteeth51）Thefollowingistherotor'sexpansionplan:

2,rotation:

IftheA-phasepower,B,Cphaseisnotenergized,themagneticfield,alignmentofteeth1andA,（withoutanypoweroftherotorarethesamethefollowing）.SuchastheB-phasepower,A,Cphaseisnotenergized,gear2,andBshouldbealigned,whentherotorovertotheright1/3て,thistimeoffsetteeth3andC1/3て,teeth4andAshift（て-1/3te）=2/3て.SuchastheC-phasepower,A,Bphaseisnotenergized,gear3,andCshouldbealigned,thistimerightofftherotorYouxiang1/3て,4andAgearshifttimeis1/3てalignment.SuchastheA-phasepower,B,Cphaseisnotenergized,4andA-alignedteeth,therotorYouxiangrightover1/3てsoafterA,B,C,Aareenergized,gear4（ie,theprevioustooth1teeth）totheA-phase,rotortotherightaroundapitch,ifyoucontinuetopresstheA,B,C,A......power,themotorforeachstep（perpulse）1/3て,RotateRight.SuchasbyA,C,B,A......power,themotortoreverse.Thisshowsthat:

thelocationandspeedofmotorconductiontimesbythe（numberofpulses）andfrequencyintoonerelationship.Thedirectiondeterminedbytheconductivityoftheorder.However,outoftorque,smooth,noiseandreducetheangleconsiderations.OftenwithA-AB-B-BC-C-CA-Athisconductivestate,sothateachsteptheoriginal1/3てchangedto1/6て.Eventhroughdifferentcombinationsoftwo-phasecurrent,so1/3てinto1/12て,1/24,te,whichisthebasictheoryofthemotor-drivenbasisforsubdivision.Easilyintroduced:

mphaseonthestatorexcitationwindings,theaxisoftherotortoothaxiswereoffset1/m,2/m......（m-1）/m,1.Andconductivityatacertainphasesequencereversingmotorcanbecontrolled-thisistherotationofthephysicalconditions.Aslongaswemeetthisconditioncantheoreticallycreateanyphasesteppermotor,becauseofcost,andmanyotherconsiderations,themarketgenerallytwo,three,four,five-phaseismore.

3,thetorque:

themotoronceenergized,willproducebetweenthestatorandrotormagneticfield（magneticfluxФ）whentherotorandstatorstaggerangletoproduceforceFand（dФ/dθ）isproportionaltoSthemagneticfluxФ=Br*SBrforthefluxdensity,FandSforthemagneticareaof​​L*D*BrcoreisproportionaltoL,effectivelength,DisrotordiameterBr=N•I/RN•Iwasexcitedwindingampereturns（currentxturns）Rforthemagneticresistance.Torque=force*radiusofthetorqueandthemotorturnstheeffectivevolume*An*isproportionaltothefluxdensity（onlyconsiderthelinearstate）,therefore,thegreatertheeffectivevolumeofthemotor,thegreatertheexcitationampereturns,thesmallerairgapbetweenstatorandrotor,themotortorque,andviceversa.

InductionSteppingMotor

1,features:

Induction,comparedwiththetraditionalreactive,structuralreinforcedwithapermanentmagnetrotor,inordertoprovidetheworkingpointofsoftmagneticmaterials,andthestatorexcitationmagneticfieldchangesonlyneedtoprovidetoprovidetheoperatingpointoftheconsumptionofmagneticmaterialsenergy,sothemotorefficiency,current,lowheat.Duetothepresenceofpermanentmagnets,themotorhasastrongEMF,thedampingeffectofitsowngood,itisrelativelystableduringoperation,lownoise,lowfrequencyvibration.Inductioncanbeseenassomewhatlow-speedsynchronousmotor.Afour-phasemotorcanbeusedforfour-phaseoperation,butalsocanbeusedfortwo-phaseoperation.（Mustbebipolarvoltagedrive）,whilethemotorisnotsoreactive.Forexample:

fourphase,eight-phaseoperation（A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A）canusetwo-phaseeight-shotrun.NotdifficulttofindtheconditionsforC=,D=.atwo-phasemotor'sinternalwindingconsistentwiththefour-phasemotors,smallpowermotorsaregenerallydirectlyconnectedtothesecondphase,thepoweroflargermotor,inordertofacilitatetheuseandflexibletochangethedynamiccharacteristicsofthemotor,itsexternalconnectionsoftenleadtoeight（four-phase）,sothatwhenusedeitherasafour-phasem