英语演讲教程英文版.docx

英语演讲教程英文版.docx

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英语演讲教程英文版

英语演讲教程（英文版）

PresentationsandPublicSpeainginEnglish

Apresentationisaformaltaltooneormorepeoplethat”presents”ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeainginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.ThistutorialguidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlieamini-presentation.

Preparation

Canyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation

Number1is...Preparation

Number2is...Preparation!

Number3is...Preparation!

!

Preparationiseverything!

withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.withcontrol,youwillbe’’’’incharge’’’’andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

objective

Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldasyourself:

”whyamImaingthispresentation”Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosellyourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.

Audience

“whoamImaingthispresentationto”Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.youshouldtrytoinformyourself.HowmanypeoplewhoaretheyBusinesspeopleProfessionalpeoplePoliticalpeopleExpertsornon-expertswillitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitorsHowmuchdotheynowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou

Venue

“whereamImaingthispresentation”Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehallwhatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailablewhataretheseatingarrangements

Timeandlength

“whenamImaingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe”willitbe5minutesor1hourjustbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy

method

HowshouldImaethispresentation”whatapproachshouldyouuseFormalorinformalLotsofvisualaidsoronlyafeillyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety

Content

“whatshouldIsay”Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.youshouldexcludeallotherideas.youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore.youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.

Structure

AwellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofolloItisthereforemoreeffective.youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomaeinalogicalorder.mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:

BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience

introduceyoursubject

explainthestructureofyourpresentation

explainrulesforquestions

middleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself

EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation

thanyouraudience

invitequestions

QuestionsandAnswers

Notes

whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!

youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!

Readingatextwillmaeyouraudiencegotosleep!

Soifyoudon’’’’thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosaywithnotes.youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemaenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtal.Somepeoplewritedowneywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!

Rehearsal

Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay

youwillidentifyweanessesinyourpresentation

youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations

youwillbeabletochecthetimethatyourpresentationtaesandmaeanynecessarymodifications

Soprepare,prepare,prepare!

Prepareeverything:

words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.IsittherightlengthAreyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrationsAretheyintherightorderDoyounohotheaudienceisHowmanypeopleHoillyouanswerdifficultquestionsDoyounowtheroomAreyouconfidentabouttheequipmentwhenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.

Equipment

Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...yoU

!

maesureyou’’’’reinfullworingorder,andchecyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon’’’’t,youraudiencewill!

theoverheadprojectordisplaysoverheadtransparencies.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:

itcanbeusedindaylight

theusercanfacetheaudience

theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse

thewhiteboardisausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theoHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.marersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboardorflipchart.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blacandgreen.Again,it’’’’sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell.”Agoodwormanneverblameshistools.”Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou’’’’flip’’’’orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visualpresentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytae35mmslidesortransparencies,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.

Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepacedupandtransported.Thenoteboocomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou’’’’handout’’’’ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

Delivery

‘‘‘‘Delivery’’’’referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.

Nerves

mostspeaersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeaslowlyandcalmly.youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.

AudienceRapport

youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeaingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlooateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.

yourobjectiveistocommunicate!

BodyLanguage

whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.yourbodyisspeaingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.yourclothes,yourwal,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaing,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmaingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.youcanstandverystillwhiletalingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.whateffectdoyouthinthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience

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CulturalConsiderations

BecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speaers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydifferencesinculture.IfwehypotheticallyimagineaGermanworingforanIsraelicompanymaingapresentationinEnglishtoajapaneseaudienceinorea,wecanseethatthereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmisunderstanding.youshouldtrytolearnaboutanyparticularculturalmattersthatmayaffectyouraudience.Thisisonereasonwhypreparationforyourpresentationissoimportant.Culturaldifferencescanalsobeseeninbodylanguage,whichwehavejustdiscussed.ToaLatinfromSouthernFranceorItaly,apresenterwhouseshishandsandarmswhenspeaingmayseemdynamicandfriendly.ToanEnglishman,thesamepresentermayseemunsureofhiswordsandlacinginself-confidence.

Voicequality

Itis,ofcourse,importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation.Rememberthatifyouturnawayfromyouraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeaalittlemoreloudly.Ingeneral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience.youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways:

speed:

youcanspeaatnormalspeed,youcanspeafaster,youcanspeamoreslowly-andyoucanstopcompletely!

youcanpause.Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudience’’’’sattention.intonation:

youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice.youcanspeainahightone.youcanspeainalowtone.volume:

youcanspeaatnormalvolume,youcanspealoudlyandyoucanspeaquietly.Loweringyourvoiceandspeaingquietlycanagainattractyouraudience’’’’sinterest.

theimportantpointisnottospeainthesame,flat,monotonousvoicethroughoutyourpresentation-thisisthevoicethathypnotistsusetoputtheirpatients’’’’intotrance!

Visualaids

ofalltheinformationthatentersourbrains,thevast