英语演讲教程英文版.docx

1、英语演讲教程英文版英语演讲教程（英文版）PresentationsandPublicSpeainginEnglish Apresentationisaformaltaltooneormorepeoplethat”presents”ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeainginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.Thistutorialguidesyouthrougheachst

2、ageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlieamini-presentation. Preparation Canyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation Number1is.Preparation Number2is.Preparation! Number3is.Preparation! Preparationisev

3、erything! withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.withcontrol,youwillbeinchargeandyouraudiencewilllistenp

4、ositivelytoyourmessage. objective Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldasyourself:”whyamImaingthispresentation”Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosellyourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience. Audience “whoamImaingthispresentati

5、onto”Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.youshouldtrytoinformyourself.HowmanypeoplewhoaretheyBusinesspeopleProfessionalpeoplePoliticalpeopleExpertsornon-expertswillitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitorsHowmuchdotheynowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou Venue “whe

6、reamImaingthispresentation”Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehallwhatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailablewhataretheseatingarrangements Timeandlength “whenamImaingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe”willitbe5minutesor1hourjustbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraud

7、iencewillbesleepy method HowshouldImaethispresentation”whatapproachshouldyouuseFormalorinformalLotsofvisualaidsoronlyafeillyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety Content “whatshouldIsay”Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthat

8、youwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.youshouldexcludeallotherideas.youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation.Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtouse

9、them.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore.youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation. Structure AwellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofolloItisthereforemoreeffective.youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomaeinalogicalorder.mostpresen

10、tationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions: BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience introduceyoursubject explainthestructureofyourpresentation explainrulesforquestions middleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation thanyouraudience invitequ

11、estions QuestionsandAnswers Notes whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!Readingatextwillmaeyouraudienc

12、egotosleep!Soifyoudonthaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosaywithnotes.youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemaenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtal.Somepeoplewritedowneywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwill

13、havepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem! Rehearsal Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits: youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay youwillidentifyweanessesinyourpresentation youwillbeableto

14、practisedifficultpronunciations youwillbeabletochecthetimethatyourpresentationtaesandmaeanynecessarymodifications Soprepare,prepare,prepare!Prepareeverything:words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.IsittherightlengthAreyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrat

15、ionsAretheyintherightorderDoyounohotheaudienceisHowmanypeopleHoillyouanswerdifficultquestionsDoyounowtheroomAreyouconfidentabouttheequipmentwhenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience. Equipment Easilyy

16、ourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis.yoU !maesureyoureinfullworingorder,andchecyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudont,youraudiencewill!theoverheadprojectordisplaysoverheadtransparencies.Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector: itcanbeusedindaylight theusercanfacetheaudience theusercanwrit

17、eordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse thewhiteboardisausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theoHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.m

18、arersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboardorflipchart.Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blacandgreen.Again,itsagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell.”Agoodwormanneverblameshistools.”Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyoufliporturnover.Somepeopleprefer

19、theflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visualpresentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytae35mmslidesortransparenc

20、ies,butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable. Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepacedupandtransported.Thenoteboocomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadp

21、rojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyouhandoutordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou. Delivery Deliveryrefe

22、rstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext. Nerves mostspeaersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialat

23、tentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeaslowlyandcalmly.youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence. AudienceRapport youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelat

24、ionshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeaingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlooateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsog

25、iveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate. yourobjectiveistocommunicate! BodyLanguage whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.yourbodyisspeaingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.yourclothes,yourwal,yourgl

26、asses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaing,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmaingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.whenyoumov

27、etoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.youcanstandverystillwhiletalingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.whateffectdoyouthinthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience Page2of2) CulturalConsiderations BecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundth

28、eworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speaers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydifferencesinculture.IfwehypotheticallyimagineaGermanworingforanIsraelicompanymaingapresentationinEnglishtoajapaneseaudiencei

29、norea,wecanseethatthereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmisunderstanding.youshouldtrytolearnaboutanyparticularculturalmattersthatmayaffectyouraudience.Thisisonereasonwhypreparationforyourpresentationissoimportant.Culturaldifferencescanalsobeseeninbodylanguage,whichwehavejustdiscussed.ToaLatinfromS

30、outhernFranceorItaly,apresenterwhouseshishandsandarmswhenspeaingmayseemdynamicandfriendly.ToanEnglishman,thesamepresentermayseemunsureofhiswordsandlacinginself-confidence. Voicequality Itis,ofcourse,importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation.Rememberthatifyouturnawayfr

31、omyouraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeaalittlemoreloudly.Ingeneral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience.youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways: speed:youcanspeaatnormalspeed,youcanspeafaster,youcanspeamoreslowly-andyoucanstopcompletely!youc

32、anpause.Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudiencesattention.intonation:youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice.youcanspeainahightone.youcanspeainalowtone.volume:youcanspeaatnormalvolume,youcanspealoudlyandyoucanspeaquietly.Loweringyourvoiceandspeaingquietlycanagainattractyouraudiencesinterest. theimportantpointisnottospeainthesame,flat,monotonousvoicethroughoutyourpresentation-thisisthevoicethathypnotistsusetoputtheirpatientsintotrance! Visualaids ofalltheinformationthatentersourbrains,thevast