英语课18周翻译PPT打印.docx
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英语课18周翻译PPT打印
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第二周科技英语翻译中的常用技巧
●五种技巧：
转译法、省译法、增译法、还原法、倒置法
●词类的转译
●名词转译
●1.转译为动词
●1）具有动作意义的名词或动名词的转译
●
（1）Televisionisthetransmissionandreceptionofimagesandmovingobjectsbyradiowaves.
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（2）Thetransferofinformationfromonepartofthecomputertoanotherdependsontheelectriccurrentbeingconductedoverwires.
●（3）Thetestsindicatethatacountercurrentflowofgasesandsolidsisnecessaryinthereactor.
●（4）Laserhastheapplicabilitytomanyfieldsofscienceandtheadaptabilitytopracticaluses.
●（5）Aone-celledanimalorplantcannot,ofcourse,survivethedestructionofitsonecell.
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（6）Reversingthedirectionofthecurrentreversesthedirectionofitslinesofforce.
（7）Nootherchangesoccuruponmixingthetwocompounds.
（8）Thiskindofthepipescanbeusedforcarryingair,gas,water,etc.
2）某些由动词作词根+er（或or）构成的名词，当它并不能真正表示个人的职业，而具有较强的动作意义时，可将其转译为动词。
（1）ProfessorWangwastheinstructorofourexperiment.
（2）Hewasagoodcalculator,soweconsideredtheanswercorrect.
（3）Hewasourgoodsupporter.
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3）某些中心词是名词的习语话动词词组，其中心词可转译为动词。
（1）Anyonewhohasalookatanoldradiosetwillrememberthelarge,heavyvacuumtubeandothercomponents.
（2）Hehadagoodknowledgeofchemistry.
4）某些中心词是名词的介词短语，其中心词可转译为动词。
（1）Abodyisnegativelychargedwhenithaselectronsinexcessofitsnormalnumber.
（2）Mostexperimentsateverytemperaturearemadewiththehelpofliquidhelium.
（3）Withtheuseoftheincreasedtemperatureandpressure,theoiliscrackedintolighterorheavierfractions.
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2.转译为形容词
（1）Singlecrystalsofhighperfectionareanabsolutenecessityforthefabricationofintegratedcircuits.
（2）Hefoundsomedifficultiestodesignapowerplantwithoutanelectroniccomputer.
（3）Theelectricalconductivityhasgreatimportanceinselectingelectricalmaterials.
（4）Iamastrangertotheoperationofthiskindofmachine.
●英语形容词的转译
●1.转译为动词
●
（1）Thissystemmakesthesechemicalssolubleinwaterandthuseasiertotransportforeventualexcretionthroughthekidneysandlowerintestines.
●
（2）Iflow-costpowerbecomesavailablefromnuclearplants,theelectricitycrisiswouldbesolved.
●（3）Weareallfamiliarwiththefactthatnothinginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingofitself.
●（4）Thedesigncalculationswillserveasanillustrativeapplicationofthetheoryofsemiconductordevice.
转译为名词
（1）Experimentsindicatethatthenewchipisabout1.5timesintegrativeasthatoftheoldones.
（2）Theelectrolyticprocessforproducinghydrogenisnotsoefficientasthethermochemicalprocess.
（3）Infissionprocessesthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.
（4）Computersaremoreflexible,andcandoagreatervarietyofjobs.
转译为副词
（1）Withslightrepairs,theoldtypeofmotorcanbeused.
（2）Asteadyincreaseofloadonapartwillcauseittodeformgradually.
（3）FACTSarefairlyrecentdevelopment.
●英语动词的转译（一般情况下可转译为名词）
●
（1）Theinstrumentischaracterizedbyitscompactnessandportability.
●
（2）Coatingthicknessrangefromone-tenthmmto2mm.
●（3）Anelectronoranatombehavesinsomewaysasthoughitwereagroupofwaves.
●英语中副词的转译
●转译成形容词
●
（1）Membersofthegrouparenotsocloselyrelatedtoeachotherasaretheelementsinthehalogenfamily.
●
（2）Thiscommunicationsystemischieflycharacterizedbyitssimplicityofoperationandtheeasewithwhichitcanbemaintained.
●（3）Theuniversallatheismostwidelyusedandplaysanimportantpartinindustry.
●（4）Suchrobotscontrolledbylargeelectroniccomputerimpressedusdeeply.
●（5）Theelectrodeisuniformlythin.
●（6）Hisbasicstudiesontheretinaareconsideredthefoundationforpracticallyeveryadvanceintheneurophysiologyofvision.
●（7）Itisamatterofcommonobservationthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.
●
2.转变为名词
（1）Sodium（钠）isveryactivechemically.
（2）Theair-conditioningunitisshownschematicallyonpage.2..
（3）Goldisanimportantmetalbutitisessentiallychangedbyman’streatmentofit.
3.转译为动词
（1）Todaychemicalexperimentisover.
（2）Weareupagainstoneofthegreatmysteriesoftheuniversetheriddleofelectricity.
（3）Beforelonghisthoughtswerecenteredontheuseofelectricmotorasdrivingpower,insteadofsteam-engine.
介词的转译
（1）Thechlorinefromsaltisusedforbleachingpaperandtextiles.
（2）Therearemanysubstancesthroughwhichelectriccurrentswillnotpassatall.
（3）Thetermlaserstandsforamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.
（4）Thevolumeofagasbecomessmallerwhenthepressureuponitisincreased.
（5）Thiselectricmeterisofhighsensibility.
●句子成分的转译
●主语的转译
●1.转移为宾语
●
（1）Muchprogresshasbeenmadeinelectricalengineeringinlessthanacentury.
●
（2）Themoleculesareheldtogetherbyattractiveforces.
●（3）Themechanicalenergycanbechangedbackintoelectricalenergybymeansofgenerator.
●2.转译为谓语
●
（1）Careshouldbetakentoprotecttheinstrumentfromdustanddump.
●
（2）Attentionisnecessarytopreventtheelectronicinstrumentfromdamaging.
●（3）Attemptsweremadetodevelopanewelectricalpowersource.
（4）Thereweremanyattemptstouse“Hertzianwaves”tocarrymessagesinasimilarway.
（5）Thepreventionofcertaintypesofcancerisdistinctlywithintherealmofpossibility.
（6）Thelightnessandcheapnessofthesubstancerecommendeditforarchitecturaldecoration.
（7）Weretherenofriction,transmissionofmotionwouldbeimpossible.
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3.转译为定语
（1）Evidentlysemiconductorshavealesserconductingcapacitythanmetals.
（2）Theelectricmachinesarewell-designedstructure.
（3）Thechapterconcludeswithabriefdescriptionofarobustcontrollerdesignmethodusingparameteroptimizationmethods.
4.转译为状语
（1）Therecentdecadeshaveuseddigitalcomputertechniquetoimprovetheperformanceofmorecomplexprocesses.
（2）The20thcenturyhasseenthegreatdevelopmentofelectroniccomputerindustrywiththeopeningupandreformingofChina.
（3）Theresultofhisrevolutionarydesignisthattheengineismuchsmaller,worksmoresmoothly,andhasfewermovingparts.
（4）Thefinalfateofthesetworemarkablelocomotivesdoesnotseemtohavebeenrecorded.
●谓语的转译
●1.转译为主语
●
（1）Thisarticleaimsatdiscussingnewdevelopmentsincomponentmaterialandtechniques.
●
（2）Cottonandlinenburnquicklyandeasily,andsmelllikeburningpaper.
●（3）Inthestomach,thisacidfunctionstokillbacteriainfoods.
●2.转译为定语
●
（1）Installingpositionoffuseboxisselectedinanadequateplaceforinspection.
●
（2）Intheaboveformulathesamenotationhasbeenusedasinearlierformulasgiveninthissection.
●（3）Thelandscapeofthemoonwasseentohavemountainrangeandcratersgreatandsmall.
●3.转译为状语
●
（1）Itconcentratedoninstallingradioinships.
●（3）Aftermoreexperiments,Galileosucceededinmakingamuchbettertelescope.
●宾语的转译
●1.转译为主语
●
（1）Waterhasadensityof62.4poundspercubicfoot.
●
（2）Steamturbinesprovidearelativelysmalllossofenergy.
●2.转译为定语
●
（1）MuchlaterHertzdemonstratedradiowavesinaprimitivemanner.
●表语的转译
●1.转译为主语
●
（1）OneofthefirstmentoworkwithsuchreactorswasthegreatEnglishscientistMichaelFaraday.
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（2）AgreatcontributionofEdisonwasthecarbonmicrophone.
●2.转译为谓语
1.
（1）Initsearlystagescancerisalocalcollectionofcellsandiseasilyremoved.
1.
（2）Atpresentsomeoldtypesofenginesarestillinuse.
3.转译为定语
（1）Intheirlaboratoryfewinstrumentsarevaluable.
4.转译为状语
（1）Thisconstructionisprobablydifficulttodevelop.
5.转译为宾语
（1）Itwasnotallgloryandsuccessintheearlydaysofthehydro-electricpowerstations.
（2）Somechemicalssubstancesarestronglycolored.
●定语的转译
●1.转译为主语
1.
（1）Todayprobablythelargestsingleturbineintheworldisa50,000kwunitinRussia.
●
（2）Theideaofobtainingpotablewaterfromwastewaterisapsychologicallydifficultoneformanypeopletoaccept.
●2.转译为谓语
●
（1）Thehighestrateofrecoverywasat110˚Cwhereasthelowestratewasat50˚C.
●
（2）Thereisalargeamountofenergywastedduetothefractionofcommutator.
3.转译为状语
（1）TheywereemployedinmedievalEgypttopressthejuicefromsugar-cane.
（2）Onlywhenwefivefullplaytoman’sinitiativecanwemakefulluseofmachinestotransformnature.
4.转译为宾语
（1）HeisonasalestriptoRussia.
5.转译为补语
（1）Bydialingtherightnumber,youcanselectit.
●状语的转译
●1.转译为主语
●ThedeviceisshownschematicallyinFig.8.
●2.转译为定语
●Inthiscalculation,itmakesfewmistakes.
省译法
●冠词的省译
●
（1）Inaword,thepurposeofelectriccircuitsistodistributeandconvertelectricenergyintosomeotherforms.
●
（2）Thehigherthespeed,thehighertheefficiency.
●代词的省译
●
（1）Onecanneverbetoocarefulinone’swork.
●
（2）Abatteryhaswithinitsomeresistancecalledinternalresistance.
●（3）Itisrainingnow.
●（4）Thegasdistributesitselfuniformlythroughoutacontainer.
●（5）Today’senginesareofmuchgreaterdifferencefromthoseusedinthepast.
●介词的省译
●
（1）OnMaythesecond,hehadanexperimentonthiscircuit.
●
（2）Thislighthasaresistanceof120ohms.
●连词的省译
●
（1）Telephonecommunicationisnowwidespreadandefficient.
●
（2）Letusgoandtryitagain.
●动词的省译
●
（1）Whenthepressuregetslow,theboiling-pointbecomeslow.
●
（2）Theexperimentresultisrathergood.
●名词的省译
●
（1）Thismethodisthemostwidelyusedmethod.
●
（2）Sincethisradiationisinvisible,itisofnouseforilluminationpurpose.
增译法
●Thedoctorwillgetmorepractic
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