最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保一解题方法和技巧及练习题.docx

最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保一解题方法和技巧及练习题.docx

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最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保一解题方法和技巧及练习题

最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解（科普环保）

（一）解题方法和技巧及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight，butthiswaterbornedrone（无人机）threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.

   DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.

   AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet（1.5metersby1.1meter）,itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish（159.6kg）andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.

   By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.

   "WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."

   "Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter（周边）orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."

   Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.

（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?

A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.

B. Itisanoceanexplorer.

C. Itisarubbishcollector.

D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?

A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.

B. Thedangersofusingplastics.

C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.

D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.

（3）WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?

A. Avoidcrashingintoit.           

B. Breakitintopieces.           

C. Swallowit.           

D. Flyoverit.

（4）WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?

A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.

B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.

C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.

D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga（瑜伽）,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"（森林治愈）;thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder（创伤后应激障碍）.

   SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.

   Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?

Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.

   "Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.

   SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?

Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:

Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.

   AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.

   Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.

   Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.

（1）WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?

A.Gettinglostinnature.

B.Buildinguphisstrength.

C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.

D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.

（2）WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?

A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.

B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.

C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.

D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.

（3）WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?

A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.

B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.

C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.

D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Yourlifeinforests

B.Yourbrainonnature

C.Thefutureofforesthealing

D.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga（瑜伽）,andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知，KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈：

品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。

他完全沉浸在大自然之中。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?

Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性，户外活动少了。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知，StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine（定义）theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob（角豆树）seed.

   Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified（统一的）measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue（formermeasureofdistance）,forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

   AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem（十进制）ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités（SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown）developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

   AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants（物理常数）.Eachofthe