最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保一解题方法和技巧及练习题.docx

1、最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保一解题方法和技巧及练习题最新高考英语高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people. Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the

2、 WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast. According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and re

3、mote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours. By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper

4、from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat. WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines, said

5、Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches. Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whethe

6、r its around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean, added Cunningham. WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000

7、 for the autonomous model. Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts

8、argues that cleaning waterways doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark? A.It can frighten sharks away.B.It is an ocean explorer.C.It is a rubb

9、ish collector.D.It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A.The causes of ocean pollution.B.The dangers of using plastics.C.The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D.The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object? A.Avo

10、id crashing into it.B.Break it into pieces.C.Swallow it.D.Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with? A.The WasteShark should be used more widely.B.More measures should be taken to make water clean.C.The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D.People should take a

11、 positive attitude to new technology.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。 （2）考查段落大意。根据第

12、四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the worlds oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的Fitted with a

13、 collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways

14、 doesnt have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing peoples attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给

15、的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 After a morning hike in the Saneum HealingForest, 46-year-old firefighter Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers. He is one of 40 firefighters taking part in a three-day program, the aim of which i

16、s to offer forest healing (森林治愈); the firefighters all have posttraumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍). Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans-many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and great academic pressure have acc

17、epted the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. There is increasing evidence that being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer, it seems. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada s Trent

18、University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it. We dont think of being outdoors as a way to increase happiness, says Nisbet. We think other things will, like shopping or TV. But South Korea is starting to challenge this opinion. So what

19、are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? Being surrounded by nature has one obvious effect: It calms us and reduces our stress levels. This has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rates. Another experiment conducted by psychologist Stephen Kaplan found that people who took

20、a 50-minute walk in a park had better attention and short-term memory than those who took a walk along a city street. Perhaps whats more surprising is that nature may also make us more creative. David Strayer, a psychologist at the University of Utah, showed as much with a group of participants, who

21、 performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking. In fact, we may never know exactly what nature does to the brain. Something mysterious will always remain, and maybe thats as it should be.（1）What is Kang Byoung-wook doing? A.Getting lost in n

22、ature.B.Building up his strength.C.Trying to control a forest fire.D.Helping firefighters under stress.（2）What does Lisa Nisbet think of being outdoors? A.It is overlooked by people.B.It has nothing to do with happiness.C.South Koreans show great interest in it.D.We need more evidence for its benefi

23、ts.（3）What benefit of nature did Stephen Kaplan find? A.It affects peoples feelings.B.It lowers the risks of diseases.C.It helps improve mental performance.D.It does more good than physical exercise.（4）What would be the best title for the text? A.Your life in forestsB.Your brain on natureC.The futur

24、e of forest healingD.The benefits of a stress-free life【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起，介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽), and makes a picture with dried flowers.”可知，Kang Byoung-wook正在接受森林

25、治愈：品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。他完全沉浸在大自然之中。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer 和 evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it”以及第四段中Lisa Nisbet所说的话可知，他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性，户外活动少了。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“had better

26、attention and short-term memory ”可知，Stephen Kaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力，也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处，故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Thro

27、ughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units o

28、f mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed. The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The kings foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a cent

29、imeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the

30、 national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south. Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French

31、 who in 1799 made it law. The Systme International dUnits (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to gi

32、ve the metric system its biggest shake-up yet. At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the worlds measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the