作文情景作文1 李达高级语言提升.docx

作文情景作文1 李达高级语言提升.docx

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作文情景作文1李达高级语言提升

情景作文讲义

李达

核心思想

1.绝对不丢要点

2.要点要比细节写得好！

3.写作线索（驱动力）=情感（起承）转和+动作变化

doubt→brainwave→recollect/theshiningmomentfloodedintomymind→emotionalmoment

写要点

一、人物-“有来有往”

1.我-动作的发出者

2.对方-动作的承受者

二、动作（X+1）

1.四肢-“用句型进行整合”

a.坐

Sit

Seatoneself

Lieon

Reston

Beseated

Giveone’sfeetarest

Leanover

Leanon

b.站

Stand

Beonone’sfeet

Rise

c.爬（山）hikinginthemountain

Climb

Ascend

Goup

Mount

Rise

Soar

Escalate

d.慢跑

Takeawalk/stroll

March

Wander

Parade

Race

Strideinto

Takeagiantstride

2.五官-“变具体动作，变高级单词和词组”

a.眼

看

glareat

gazeat

stareat

glanceat

observe

discern

catchsightof

glimpse

catchaglimpseof

distinguish

perceive

scrutinize

lay/seteyeson

发现

findout

discover

learn

ascertain

预见

foresee

predict

forecast

anticipate

envisage

picture

遇到

encounter

meet

runinto/across

comeacross

bumpinto

咨询

consult

conferwith

talkto

callon

turnto

认出

spot

identify

recognize

detect

见证

witness

陪伴

escort

accompany

show

lead

walk

b.耳

听

hear

listento

catch

hearkento

偷听

eavesdropon

c.鼻

气味

aroma

flavor

scent

stench

fragrance

incense

闻

breathe

inhale

sniff

smellthefragranceof…

d.舌

说

answer

convey

deliver

express

congratulate

expressgratitude

maintain

read

repeat

speak

suggest

tell

voice

communicate

utter

breaksilence

givevoice

putforth

putintowords

声称宣布

announce

assert

claim

declare

affirm

state

提到

mention

回复

reply

respond

揭示

reveal

disclose

猜

guess

其他

imply

judge

recite

remark

味道

aroma

bitter

ginger

jolt

punch

piquancy

relish

salt

sour

sting

sweet

zest

品尝

bite

chew

eat

enjoy

sample

savor

sip

criticize

lick

nibble

relish

trytheflavorof

e.手

embrace

hug

nudge

pet

petting

push

scratch

stroke

tap

feel

reach

strike

contact

palm

3.心理描写-“动作和心理进行整合”

a.情感状态

b.想法动机

thinking

wishing

hoping

wondering

realizing

considering

过渡

1.心理活动

“（非谓语）心理，（主谓宾）动作”

2.动作

hardly…when…

scarcely…when…

nosooner…than…

havingdone…,…

3.时间

sooncametheexciting/breathtaking/thrilling/exhilarating/stimulating/emotionalmomentwhen…

4.切忌要自然

感情变化正常

细节切忌耀眼

开头结尾

1.开头

2.结尾

a.个人成长

notonlydidi/we……,butalso……

b.鸡汤文

irealizewhatabetterworldwewillhaveifwecoulddevotesomeofourattentiontotheenvironmentalprotection.

c.文学性-场面描写、比喻+大小

althoughitseemedtobejustanordinaryday,still,thesceneryofthesundescendingoverthelake,thelaughterandthesmileonourfaceswillneverfadeawayfrommymemory.

练习方法

1.大家小家+传统文化类

16西城期末-看阅兵式

16丰台期末-做传统衣服

16西城一模-跟奶奶学剪纸

15丰台一模-家人共度元宵节

14海淀二模-帮助家人视频通话

2.出游类

16海淀期末-参观抗日纪念馆

16海淀一模-颐和园写书法

16朝阳一模-丝绸之路旅行

16朝阳二模-伦敦冬令营前往博物馆

16西城二模-骑车郊游

14东城二模-西安自助游

14朝阳二模-游览西山

3.献爱心+志愿

16丰台一模-支持抗癌男孩

16海淀二模-林居孩子没带钥匙

16东城二模-福利院献爱心

16丰台二模-大凉山支教

15海淀一模-志愿讲解员

15朝阳一模-文化志愿活动

15海淀期末-爱心粥

14海淀期末-改变中国式过马路

14朝阳期末-扫雪

14西城一模-绿色出行

14朝阳一模-地铁内捡垃圾

14丰台一模-收留流浪狗

14西城二模-归还钱包

14丰台二模-汽车撞到老人

4.校园活动类

16东城期末-接待澳大利亚访华团

16朝阳期末-做航模

16东城一模-板报比赛

15海淀期末-社团招新

15东城期末-校园记者

15西城一模-汉字听写

15东城一模-开设选修课

14西城期末-参加最后一届校运动会

14东城东城期末-校庆活动

14海淀一模-为朋友送行

14东城一模-英语比赛

换！

1.表达make，而换用具体动词

Thissocietystill makes womenunabletoenjoyequalrights.

Women arestilldenied equalrights.

2.表示moreandmore，换用increasing/growingnumber和increasingly+adj.

Moreandmore studentsfindlearningEnglishhasbecome moreandmoredifficult.

Students ingrowingnumbers findlearningEnglishhasbecome increasinglydifficult.

3.表达many，换用avastmajorityof…

Most studentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.

Thevastmajority ofstudentstakeapart-timejobafterclass.

4.表达notonly…butalso…，换用meansmorethan…,italsomeans…

Takingapart-timejobcan notonly earnalittlemoney, but（also） haveanopportunitytocontactsociety.

Takingapart-timejobmeans morethanalittlemoneyyoucanearn.Italsomeans anopportunitytocontactsociety.

5.表达Ifeel，换用感叹句

HowterribleIfelttoday!

Ifailedagaininthemathexam.

6.宾语是nothing,anything,everything，换被动句

Ihavesearchedallmypockets,butnothingwasfound.

7.定语从句中动词带有介词，介词换到先行词前

Wecametoaplacetowhichtheyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.

8.进行时态表情绪，换出always加强感情色彩

IamalwaysfeelingterriblewhenItakeabus.

9.肯定句，换nothingbut变幽默

IcouldfindnothingbutbadluckwhenIreturnedhomelearningthatmyhandbaghadbeenleftonthecounter.

10.动宾结构，换what引导的名词性从句

Whathegaveme,whichIknew,werenotonlyaChristmaspresentbutalsoaheartfullofloveandamindofmyexistenceinit.

11.数词+名词，换asmanyas

Asmanyastenyearsago,myhometownusedtobecoveredbyforests.

12.主语不同的并列句，换独立主格

Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.

插入语

1.副词

Indeed

Surely

However

Obviously

Frankly

Naturally

Fortunately

Strangely

Honestly

Briefly

Certainly

Probably

Possibly

Generally

Besides

2.形容词及其短语

Strangetosay

needlesstosay

mostimportantofall

worsestill

3.介词短语

Inotherword

inasense

ingeneral

inmyview

Inaway

insummary

inthefirstplace

inaddition

frommyperspective

ofcourse

toourknowledge

toone’sjoy/delight/satisfaction/surprise/astonishment/amazement/regret/disappointment

asamatteroffact

forinstance

4.分词短语

Judgingfrom…

Strictlyspeaking

Generallyspeaking

Speakingof…

Considering…

5.不定式短语

Tobesure

Tosumup

Totellthetruth

6.口语中的插入语

Believeitornot

Whatismore

Ibelieve

Iwonder

Youknow

Thatis

AsIseeit

I’mafraid

Isuppose

Iguess

非谓语

With复合结构

强调句

倒装句

无灵主语

-好处

-无灵主语有哪些？

什么场景能用？

-怎样把已知的句子变为无灵主语句？

引入：

用非人称做主语

Iloveeverybody.

Mylovegoestoeverybody.（无灵主语有什么生动的动作）

有灵：

什么人发生了什么事儿

无灵：

什么事发生在了什么人身上

无灵≠被动语态

Thefactwasacceptedbypeople.（被动语态）

Thefactacquiredpeople’sacceptance.（无灵）

无灵主语与概念隐喻密不可分

概念隐喻的一个重要功能就是将经验意义抽象化，即把通常用小句体现的经验隐喻化为名词词组的体现的成分。

AssoonasIsawtheriver,Iremembermyhometown.

.

情景作文为何用无灵主语？

增加主语的多样性，运用了多样的句式

使语言生动，表达丰富

使表达更客观，较强的语言运用功能

LastMondaywhileIwaswanderingontheplayground,Isawaposter,sayingthattheschoolTVstationwaslookingfornewreporters.

怎样用无灵主语

转化

无灵句将过程（动词）和特性（形容词）经过隐喻，不再是小句里的过程或修饰语，而是名词形式体现的参与者（无灵主语）

Becausetherewasnobusiness,hewasworried.

1.表身心状态和情感的名词做主语

表情感状态的抽象名词

Happiness,delight,excitement,satisfaction,pride

Anxiety,nervousness

谓语动词的选择：

进入：

floodinto,pour,rushinto,appear,springup,strike,occupy,seize,

存在：

fill,ripple,linger,filleverycornerofmyheart,immersein

离开：

leave,fade,escape

可用场景：

明显体现人物表情和心情的图片或用语开头和结尾抒情

这个老者脸上出现了无助的表情

Helplessnessappearedonthefaceoftheoldman.

2.具有行为和动作意义的名词做主语

Sight,thought,smell,taste,attempt…一般由感官动词演变而来

可用场景：

1.涉及要点描述的句子，因为要点一般为动词词组

2.结尾抒情，想到什么让我感到非常（自豪）

他对烤鸭垂涎欲滴

Thesightoftheglossyandshiningducksarousehisappetite.

我对这个竞赛感到十分高兴。

Thethoughtof

thethoughtthatourteamworkachievedussuchagreatsuccessatthecontestfilledmyheartwithastrongsenseofsatisfactory.

3.时间、地点等名词做主语，用作开头、结尾、段首

常用谓语动词：

See,find,witness,spectate

使用场景：

Lastfreezingwinterwitnessedavolunteeringhotporridgedeliveryactivity.

TheneatandorderlyCapitalLibrarysawthemeaningfulvoluntaryactivitythatweorganizedtoday.

我们家在上一个元宵节过的非常愉快

4.时间做主语，用在段首用来衔接

Afewmomentsbroughtusto+地点

Afewminutesbroughtustothepeakofthemountain.

替换wearrivedat+地点+afterafewmoment

通过句子成分转换

1.宾语转换为主语

Isawthebulletinboard.

Ihad/cameupwithanidea.

Thewholeclassgavemeawarmapplause.

2.谓语转换为主语

Everyonesmiled

Wepreparedforthecomingexam,whichmadeusexhausted.

Ithoughtofthefavormyclassmateshaddoneforme,withoutwhichIwouldnothaveachievedsuchsuccess.

3.状语转换为主语

Wewenttothedestinationbyourschoolbus.

Weachievedthesuccessthroughgreateffort.

Thewholeclassfeltexcited,thinkingofputtingthemintopractice.