英语试题.docx

英语试题.docx

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英语试题

成人教育大学英语网络化教学考前辅导

考试题型

1.ReadingComprehension（40%）（共四篇短文）

2.Vocabulary&Structure（10%）（20个选项）

3.Cloze（15%）

4.Translation（20%）（英文翻成中文，题目全部来自课文）

5.Writing（15%）

课程总成绩比例

英语

（2）课程总成绩=网络学习（50%）+期末笔试（50%）

网络学习=在线作业（40%）+课程浏览（60%）

PartIReadingComprehension

Passage1

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables（动态的变量）:

language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics（美学）,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretive（解释的）knowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant（移植）;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopia（近视）orevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:

patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary（对手）,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi____________.

A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround

B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s

C.showsthereverseofglobalization

D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences

3.Thetwoschoolsofthought___________________.

A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures

B.bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries

C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld

D.BothＡandＢ

4.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose___________________.

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture

C.whowanttotravelabroad

D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies___________________.

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.allhavethequalityofpatience

C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures

D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization

1-5CACDB

Passage2

YesterdaywastheDoubleNinthFestival—theninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.Theauspiciousfigureconnoteseternity（不朽）,andthuslongevityinourculture.Thedate’sassociationwitholdagebecamecloserandclearerin1989,whenitwasdesignatedSeniorCitizens’Day.

SoyesterdayattheConfucianTempleinBeijing,50three-generationfamilieswereconvenedtoperformtraditionalritessymbolizingrespectforfamilyelders.

Childrenandgrandchildren,dressedintraditionalcostumes,bowedbeforetheirparents,orgrandparents,inhumblereverence,andofferedthemsymbolsoflongevity.Confucius,ifhewerethereandlookedatthecrowdfromHeaven,musthaveheavedasighofrelief.Aftersomanyyearsofdisregardanddenialofthetradition,hisdescendantsarefinallytryingtoliveuptotheircountry’sproudlabelasa“landofcourtesyandpropriety”.

Formanyofus,especiallythosewholiveandworkawayfromhomeandparents,theDoubleNinthFestivalisanoccasiontomakeupforourneglectoffilial（孝顺的）dutiesatothertimes.Andthecostcanbeaslowasanunexpectedbouquet,oraphonecall.Thatisfamily.

Thereisnothingwrongonthegovernment’sparttopromoteawarenessofourtraditionalvirtueslikerespectfortheaged.Butasthenationalpopulationstructureevolves,takingcareofseniorcitizensisnolongerjustafamilymatter.

Thenumberofpeopleabove60hasreached149millionnationwide.InShanghai,forinstance,thisagegroupaccountsformorethan20percentofthelocalpopulation.

Whilevariousrecentsurveysreportedreluctancebytheelderstospendlife’slastyearsinnursinghomes,almostallthosewithdecentfacilitiesandservicesseeoverwhelmingdemand.OneoftheminBeijingclaimeditwouldtake20yearsfromnowtoaccommodateallcurrentrequests.

Fromthat,thegovernmentseeschallenges,andbusinessesseeopportunities.

Wehatehearinggovernmentofficialssaytightbudgetpreventsthemfrombuildingmorenursinghomestomeettheneed.Foot-dragging（迟疑）willonlyaggravatethepainsonceagingevolvesintoafull-blowncrisis.Wecanscarcelyimaginethenationwidescenario（情景）.Itisunrealistictoexpectthegovernmenttosingle-handedlyhandleallthepressures.Butthereisnoexcuseforauthoritiestomerelystandaside.Lackofstandards,likeinmanyotherservicesectors,isamainreasonwhymanyelderswouldratherstandthelonelinessattheiremptyneststhangotonursinghomes.

Aresponsiblegovernmentcandoalotinprovidingcomfortableyetaffordablenursinghomes,whileimprovingcareandservicesinbothurbanandruralcommunities.

Itisthedutyofthegovernmenttofacilitatepoliciesandservicestoenabletheelderlytoenjoytheirtwilightyearswithlittleworriesaboutwherevertheychoosetolive.

6．WhatarechildrensupposedtodoonSeniorCitizens’Day?

A）Bedressedintraditionalcostumes.

B）Bowbeforetheirparents.

C）Offertheirparentssymbolsoflongevity.

D）Alloftheabove.

7．ForwhomistheDoubleNinthFestivalanoccasiontomakeupforwhattheyshouldhavedoneatothertimes?

A）Teenagers.

B）Peoplelivingandworkingawayfromhomeandparents.

C）Peoplewithchildren.

D）Elderlypeople.

8．Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.

A）it’sgovernment’sdutytopromoteawarenessofourtraditionalvirtues

B）takingcareofseniorcitizensisjustafamilymatter

C）thenumberofpeopleabove60inShanghaiaccountsformorethan40percentofthelocalpopulation

D）mosteldersdon’tliketospendtheirlastyearsinnursinghomes

9．Accordingtogovernmentofficials,whatmightbethemainreasonfortheshortageofnursingspace?

A）Disapprovalfromgovernment.

B）Disapprovalfromtherelativesoftheelders.

C）Lackofstandards.

D）Tightbudget.

10．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

A）criticizegovernmentofficials

B）promotenationalawarenessofrespectforandcareoftheaged

C）informreaderswiththecultureofSeniorCitizens’Day

D）criticizetheyoungpeoplefortheirneglectoftakingcareoftheirparents

6-10DBDDB

Passage3

Interpersonalconflictsareeverywhere.Couplesdisagreeaboutwhattoeat,whethertogotothemall,relationshipswithchildren,etc.Studentsandteachershaveconflictsovergrades.Wehaveroadrageonsuburbanhighways,disputesbetweenneighbors,andargumentsbetweenworkersandbosses.

Theimportanceofinterpersonalconflictliesinhowwehandleit.Somehelpfultermsthatdescribeouroptionswhenweencounterconflictsare“flight,fight,orunite.”

Flightiswhatscholarscalltheexitoption.Sometimesyoucanjustwalkaway.Ifsomeoneactsaggressivelytowardyouonthehighway,youcanavoidthem.Fightingisverycommon.Domesticabuse,mostviolentcrimes,andschoolyardfightsareusuallyanoutgrowthofinterpersonalconflict.Athirdoptionistounitetosolvedifferencescooperatively.Couplescantalkthroughdifferencesofopinion.Teachersandstudentscansettlealmosteverygradecomplaintinawaythatnotonlysatisfiesthembutalsomakesthembetterstudentsorteachers.However,iftheinterpersonalconflictisintense,unitingrequireshelpfromathirdparty―someonewhohelpsthetwopartiesindisputefindcommonintereststhatcanserveasthebasisforanagreement.Forexample,mediatorsareusedonaroutinebasisinAmericanbusinesses,andmanyfamiliesseecounselors.

Individualscanhaveabigimpactontheresultsofinterpersonalconflicts.Outofthethreeoptions,“flight,fight,andunite”,thefirsttwoarealmostalwayscounterproductive.Inreality,violenceusedinresponsetoviolenceproducesevenmoreviolenceinreturn.Flightdoesnotprovideabetteroptioneither.Flightisnotnecessarilyphysicallyrunningfromaconflict.Rather,wetendtodelaydealingwithit,hopingthatsomehowitwilljustgoaway.Itseldomdoes.

Therefore,individualsareresponsibleforsolvingtheirproblemscooperatively.Conflictresolutionisagrowthindustry,butthegrowingcommunityofconflictresolutionprofessionalsstillneedstobecomemorevisiblesothatpeoplecanlearnaboutitandturntoitwhenaconflictarises.Peoplealsoneedtobecomebetteratresolvingdisputesthemselves.N