高考英语备考学易黄金易错点专题14 阅读理.docx

高考英语备考学易黄金易错点专题14 阅读理.docx

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高考英语备考学易黄金易错点专题14阅读理

Inthepast，theywerelaughedatforbeingeggheads（书呆子）wearingglasseswithapassionforthepointless.Butnow，beingamemberoftheirgrouphasbecomeasourceofpride，withCollinsonlinedictionarynamingtheterm“geek”asUK's“WordoftheYear”onDecember16.

“Geek”topsthelistfor2013becauseofits“positivemakeover”，aspokeswomanforCollinsDictionarytoldTheScotsmannewspaper.

Thewordoriginallyappearedinthe19thcenturyasavariant（变形）of“geck”，meaning“asimpleton（傻瓜）”.

“Inthe1980s，thewordstillhadanegativemeaning，referringtosomeonewhowasboringandsociallyawkward.However，fromthelate20thcentury，duetotheincreasingimportanceoftechnologyinsociety，thewordhascometomeanaclever，switched－onandcoolperson，”notedTheScotsman.

InSeptember，thedictionarychangedthemaindefinitionof“geek”from“someonepreoccupiedwithcomputing”to“apersonwhoisveryknowledgeableandenthusiasticaboutaspecificsubject”.

“‘Geek’isagreatexampleofawordthathasevolvedfromhavinganegativemeaningtohavingapositiveone.”IanBrookes，consultanteditortoCollinsDictionarytoldTheGuardian.“Thischangeinmeaningrepresentsapositivechangeinviewsofspecialistexpertise（专长；专业知识），andisaresultoftheinfluenceoftechnologyonpeople'slives.”

TheTelegraph'sJohnBinghambelievesthatthetransformationofthewordwashelpedalongbythesuccessoftheUSmovieTheSocialNetwork，aboutthecreationoftheUSwebsiteFacebook.“Commentatorssaidthefilmshowedthatithadbecomefashionabletobeageek”，Binghamwrote.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。

戴着瓶底眼镜的书呆子们曾经被嘲笑为无用的“geek”，然而时代在变化，咸鱼也有翻身的一天！

科林斯字典给了这个词一个全新的、积极的含义。

1.Theunderlinedword“makeover”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

A.evolutionB.result

C.influenceD.response

【答案】A　

【解析】词义猜测题。

根据文章第一段的第二句“Butnow，beingamemberoftheirgrouphasbecomeasourceofpride，withCollinsonlinedictionarynamingtheterm‘geek’asUK's‘WordoftheYear’onDecember16.”和第三段“Thewordoriginallyappearedinthe19thcenturyasavariant（变形）of‘geck’，meaning‘asimpleton（傻瓜）’.”前后对比可知，此处makeover意为“华丽转身”，与倒数第二段的第一句“‘Geek’isagreatexampleofawordthathasevolvedfromhavinganegativemeaningtohavingapositiveone.”相呼应。

evolution意为“进化”；result意为“结果”；influence意为“影响”；response意为“回应”。

故选A项。

2.Whendidtheword“geek”begintohaveapositivemeaning?

A.Inthe20thcentury.B.Fromthe1990s.

C.Inthe1980s.D.Attheendof2013.

【答案】B　

3.Accordingtothearticle，“geek”nowmainlyrefersto________.

A.someonewhoisaddictedtocomputingandnewtechnology

B.someonewhoisboringandunfashionable

C.someonewhoissmartbutawkwardinsocialsituations

D.someonewhoiswell－informedanddevotedtoacertainfield

【答案】D　

【解析】细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段中的“apersonwhoisveryknowledgeableandenthusiasticaboutaspecificsubject”可知，“geek”现在主要指那些博学的学者型人物。

故选D项。

4.Whathelpedtotransformthemeaningof“geek”fromnegativetopositiveaccordingtothearticle?

a.Theeffectoftechnology.

b.Thenewsmedia'spromotion.

c.TheinfluenceofCollinsDictionary.

d.ThepopularityofTheSocialNetwork.

A.a，bB.b.cC.a，dD.c，d

【答案】C　

【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段第一句“...bythesuccessoftheUSmovieTheSocialNetwork，aboutthecreationoftheUSwebsiteFacebook.”可知，“geek”词义的华丽转身来源于电影TheSocialNetwork的成功和技术的进步。

根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“isaresultoftheinfluenceoftechnologyonpeople'slives”可知，这是科技进步对人们生活影响的结果。

故选C项。

DearGregory，

MerryChristmas!

YouarenowtheproudownerofaniPhone.Youareagoodandresponsible13-year-oldboyandyoudeservethisgift.Butwithyouracceptanceofthispresentcomesomerulesandregulations.Pleasereadthroughthefollowinglistofrules.Ihopethatyouunderstandthatitismyjobtoformyouintoawell-rounded，healthyyoungmanwhocancoexistwithtechnologywithoutbeingruledbyit.Failuretocomplywith（遵守）thefollowinglistwillresultintermination（终止）ofyouriPhoneownership.

1.Itismyphone.Iboughtit.Ipayforit.Iamloaning（借）ittoyou.Aren'tIthegreatest?

2.Ifitrings，answerit.Itisaphone.Sayhelloanduseyourmanners.Donoteverignoreaphonecallifthescreenreads“Mom”or“Dad”.

3.Itdoesnotgotoschoolwithyou.Haveconversationswithyourfriendsinperson.That'sanimportantlifeskill.Buthalfdays，fieldtripsandafter－schoolactivitieswillrequirespecialconsideration.

4.Ifitfallsintothetoilet，breaksuponthegroundordisappearsintothinair，youareresponsibleforthereplacementorrepaircosts.Mowlawns，takeupbabysittingorsaveupyourbirthdaymoney.Accidentswillhappen，soyoushouldbeprepared.

5.Turnitoff，silenceitandputitawayinpublic—especiallyinarestaurant，atthemoviesorwhilespeakingwithanotherhumanbeing.Youarenotarudeperson.Donotallowyournewtoytochangethat.

6.Livewithinyourexperiences.Theywillbestoredinyourmemoryforever.Don'ttaketoomanypicturesandvideos.Thereisnoneedtodocumenteverything.

7.Learntolivewithoutit.Bebiggerandmorepowerfulthanyour“FOMO”—fearofmissingout.Leaveyourphoneathomesometimesandfeelsafeandsecureinthatdecision.Itisnotalive，norisitanextensionofyourbody.

8.Keepyoureyesup.Seetheworldhappeningaroundyou.Stareoutawindow.Listentothebirds.Takeawalk.WonderwithoutGoogling.

9.Ifyoumessup，Iwilltakeawayyourphone.Wewillsitdownandtalkaboutit.Wewillstartoveragain.YouandI，wearealwayslearning.Iamonyoursideandweareinthistogether.

Love，

Mom

【语篇解读】　本文是一封母亲写给孩子的信，主要讲述了母亲为了避免孩子成为手机控而与孩子之间的约法守则。

5.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticleisto________.

A.explaintoGregorythefunctionsofthenewmobilephone

B.showGregoryhowmuchthoughthasbeenputintothisgift

C.informGregoryofgoodmannershehastofollowinpublic

D.makeadealwithGregoryontheuseofhisChristmasgift—iPhone

【答案】D　

【解析】写作意图题。

根据文章第一段的最后一句“Failuretocomplywith（遵守）thefollowinglistwillresultintermination（终止）ofyouriPhoneownership.”以及对第一段的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了母亲和孩子之间关于使用圣诞礼物iPhone手机的相关约定。

故选D项。

6.IfGregoryloseshisiPhone，he________.

A.willgetanewonefromhisparents

B.hastopayforanewonehimself

C.willneverreceivegiftsfromhisparents

D.mustlearntolivewithoutaphone

【答案】B　

7.WecanlearnfromthearticlethatGregory'sparents________.

A.setrulesandregulationsineveryaspectofhislife

B.expecthimtodosomethinginreturnforthisgift

C.areworriedabouthismannersandcarelessness

D.don'twanthimtobeaddictedtoelectronicproducts

【答案】D　

【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第一段倒数第二句“Ihopethatyouunderstandthatitismyjobtoformyouintoawell－rounded，healthyyoungmanwhocancoexistwithtechnologywithoutbeingruledbyit.”可知，孩子的父母不想孩子成为手机控。

故选D项。

8.Gregoryhastofollowtherulesbelowexceptthat________.

A.besuretoanswerhisparents'calls

B.keepthephoneinsilencewhenhe'satthecinema

C.recordhislifeasmuchaspossibleusingthephone

D.bringthephonewithhimonfieldtripswhennecessary

【答案】C　

【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第6条规定中的最后一句“Thereisnoneedtodocumenteverything.”可知，母亲要求孩子不需要将每件事情都用手机记录下来，C项与此条相悖。

故选C项。

ThefourthroundofheavysmogthathitBeijinginfourweekshassentmorepeopletothehospitalwithrespiratory（呼吸的）illnessesandledtocallsforlawstocontrolthepollution.

PanShiyi，arealestatedeveloper，saidheisplanningtopropose（提出）aCleanAirActtothelocalgovernment.AsarepresentativeoftheBeijingMunicipalPeople'sCongress，hestartedanonlinesurveyat9：

20a.m.Withinthreehours，morethan25，000webusers，or99percentoftotalrespondents，welcomedhisproposalonSinaWeibo，China'sTwitter.

TheyhavegoodreasonstostandalongsidePan.Thelatestroundofhaze（雾霾）reducedvisibilitytounder500metersinmanypartsofthecity.Thesmoghasalsoledtoagreatincreaseinrespiratoryillnesses，particularlyamongchildrenandtheelderly.Anxiousparentsanddoctorsalmostallblamethesmoggyairfortheillnesses.Thoughmostschoolchildrenarehomeforthewinterholidays，thebadaircaneasilymoveindoors.Besides，ordinarymedicalmasksfailtoprovideadequateprotection，sosomepeoplehaveturnedtogasmasksandrespirators（呼吸器）.

Thecausesofthescarysmogarerathermysterious，thoughexpertsblameexcessiveemissionsandthemountainsaroundBeijingthattrappollutioninwinter，unlessthereisadequatewindtoclearitaway.SomecriticshavepointedfingersatChina'stoptwooilfirms，ChinaNationalPetroleumCorpandChinaPetrochemicalCorporation，sayingthecompanies'outdatedproductiontechnologiesproducelargequantitiesofsubstandard，high－pollutinggasfuel.

Meanwhile，concernedBeijingershavemovedtheirbrainstormingsessionstocyberspace.IfPan'sproposalforaCleanAirActisadopted，netizenssaythenewlawshouldincludeitemsprovidingfor“car－freedays”intimesofsmog，higherstandardsforvehiclefuel，stricterrestrictionsonindustrialandexhaustgasemissions，andmoreeffectiveprotectionforthepublic.

Beijingisnottheonlycitythathaseverlostthebluesky.FivedaysofthickfogcausedthousandsofdeathsinBritaininDecember1952，urgingthegovernmenttopassthefirstCleanAirActin1956，whichintroducedsmokelesszonesandcleanerfuelstoreducepollution.ThatmayprovidesomeexperienceforBeijingtoreferto.

【语篇解读】　北京持续的雾霾天气引发了公众对空气污染的关注，网民们纷纷呼吁政府制定《清洁空气法案》。

9.WhydidPanShiyistartanonlinesurvey?

A.Toinvestigatethepublic'sopinionsonpollution.

B.Totellpeoplethedangerofthesmoggyweather.

C.Tocallonmorepeopletosupporthisproposal.

D.Tocollectsupportingevidencesforhisproposal.

【答案】D　

10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peopleareclearaboutthecausesofthesmoggyweather.

B.Childrenstayingindoorswillnotgetrespiratoryi