高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.docx

高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.docx

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高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版

高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题

关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明

每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。

有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。

有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。

一、主旨大意题的命题形式

这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题（title,headline）、短文或段落的主题（subject）、中心思想（mainidea）、作者的写作目的（purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理）等。

这类题的设问方式主要有：

（1）Thesubjectofthepassage/paragraphis______.

（2）Themainideaofthepassage/paragraphis______.

（3）Thetextismainlyabout______.

（4）Thepassagemainlycenterson______.

（5）Thepassagemainlytellsabout______.

（6）Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

（7）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

（8）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

（9）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

（10）Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

（11）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

（12）Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?

（13）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

（14）Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

（15）Thebestheadlinesforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe______

（16）Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsistogiveinformationabout______.

（17）Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.

（18）Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

（19）Whatdoesthewriterreallywanttotellusinthispassage?

（20）Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto______.

（21）Whatistheadvicegiveninthetext/passage/article?

二、寻找主题句的方法

正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。

那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？

（1）主题句在文首；

（2）主题句在文中；（3）主题句在文末；（4）主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。

（4）无明显主题句，需根据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括

1.主题句在文首

Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.

Themainideaoftheparagraphis________.

2.主题句在文中

Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.

Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?

3.主题句在文末

Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

4.主题句首尾呼应

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease（illness）,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Smokingcancausecancer.

B.Smokingisaterriblekiller

C.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

D.Anexperimentonsmoking

5.无明显主题句

根据高频词概括

Everyone can experience anger sometimes. But not everyone can control it properly.To some 

people, controlling anger seems like the hardest thing in the world to do. 

Control these bytalking to yourself in your own mind,when you experience unwanted feeling. 

By talking it over in your ownhead you can work out how you will best deal with the situation.

Anger control can also be achieved bycommunicatingwithotherswith honesty.You can effectively train yourself to respond to situations without getting annoyed about things. 

 It is important to rememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangry and therefore,controlling it is the real challenge.

Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Noteveryonecancontrolanger.

B.Howtocontrolanger.

C.Communicatingwithothersishelpful.

D.Controllingangerischallenging

根据各段主题句概括

 Mother’sDaywascoming,amanstoppedataflowershoptoordersomeflowerstobewired（电邮给）tohismotherwholivedtwohundredmilesaway.

    Ashegotoutofhiscar,henoticedayounggirlsobbing（啜泣）.Heaskedherwhatwaswrongwithherandshereplied,“Iwantedtobuyaredroseformymother.ButIonlyhaveseventy-fivecents,andarosecoststwodollars.”Themansmiledandsaid,“Comeoninwithme.I’llbuyyouarose.”Aftertheywentin,heboughtaroseforthelittlegirlandorderedflowersforhisownmother.

Asthey wereleaving,heofferedtoridethegirlhome.Shesaid,“Yes,please!

Butcanyoutakemetomymother?

”“Toyourmother?

”themanwasalittlepuzzledbutdidn’tsayanything.Shedirectedhimtoacemetery（公墓）,wheresheplacedtheroseonafreshlyduggrave（新坟）.

    Themanwasshockedandreturnedtotheflowershop,canceled（取消）thewireorder,pickedupabunchofflowersanddrovethetwohundredmilestohismother’shouse.

Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Movedbythegirl,themansenthismothertheflowershimselfonMother’sDay.

B.Amanhelpedagirltobuyaflowerforhermother.

C.Weshouldoftenhelpothers.

D.Weshouldloveourmothers.

小练习

1.Smokinginindoorpublicplacesincludingpublicworkingplaces,publictransportvehiclesandsomeotherspecialoutdoorworkingplaceshasbeenbanned（禁止）inChinasinceJanuary2011.Shouldsmokingbebannedinpublicplaces?

Ofcourse,itshouldbe.

First,banningsmokingwillnotonlyhelpinsavingsmokersfromhealthproblemsanddiseases,butwill alsobegoodforpassivesmokers.

Next,banningsmokingwillputstressonsmokerstogiveup.Sinceasmokerispreventedfromsmoking.

Atlast,smokingcigarettesaddstothepollutionoftheair,soifitisbanned,itwillhelpinsavingtheenvironmentfromfurtherdeterioration（恶化）.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Smokingisbadforhealth.

B.Smokingwillincreasepollution.

C.Smokingshouldbebanned.

D.Smokingcancausefire.

2.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcourse,manufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.

Whatisthemainidea?

A.EconomicPrinciples

B.LawofSupplyandDemand

C.MoreGoods,LowerPrices

D.FewerGoods,HigherPrices

3.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance

Whatdoesthewritherwanttotellus?

A.Theinnocentlooksmoreguilty.

B.Theprofessionalcriminallooksinnocent.

C.Amanknowseverythinglikestohidehisweekness.

D.Weshouldn’tjudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

4.WeChat（微信）isamobiletextandvoicemessagingcommunicationservicedevelopedbyTencentinChina,firstreleasedinJanuary2011.WithWeChat,wecancommunicatewithfriendsbysendingtextmessages,voicemessages,wecanshareourphotosorvideos,shareourlocation,wecanevenchatwithlotsoffriendsatthesametime.Moreimportant,itisfreefortheusers.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Thetoolsofchatting.

B.WecanuseWechattochatwithlotsoffriends.

C.ThefunctionsofWechat.

D.Weshouldoftencommunicatewithfriends.

5.Foradultsacoldisnotthatserious.However,thisisnotthecaseforchildren.Coldsymptomsinchildrenmaybesignsofmoreseriousdiseasesandshouldbegivenpromptmedicalattention.

Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Coldisnotseriousforadults.

B.Coldisseriousforchildren.

C.Coldhasobvioussymptoms.

D.Coldshouldbecuredatonce.

6.Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcansatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Somestudentspreferastrictteacher.

B.Nooneteachingmethodcansatisfyall

studentsatthesametime.

C.Somestudentsprefertodoworkontheirown.

D.Studentsshouldrespectteachers.

7.Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatire（轮胎）goesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamper（野营者）alsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Aflashlightisusefuleveryday.

B.Aflashlightisusefulindarksituations.

C.Childrenareafraindofdarkness.

D.Acamperneedsaflashlightwhenthecampfireisout.

8.Magellan’s（麦哲伦）menwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld.Ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship.

MagellanwasfromPortugal,buthesailedfortheKingofSpain.OnSeptember20,1519,heleftSpainwithfiveshipsand240men.AfterpassingthetipofSouthAmerica,theyreachedthePacificOcean,onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear.Veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater.Manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases.Theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust.Finally,inApril1521,MagellangottothePhilippineIslands,wherehewaskilled.Hismenfledandconti