高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版.docx

1、高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明 每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。一、主旨大意题的命题形式这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一

2、道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is _.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is _.(3)The text is mainly about _.(4)The passage mainly centers on _.(5)The passage mainly tells about _.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)W

3、hat is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best ti

4、tle for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be_(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about _.(17)The writers purpose in writing this story is _.(18)What is the authors main pur

5、pose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to_.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法 正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。（4）无明显主题句，需根据高频词或各段落主题句进

6、行总结概括1.主题句在文首Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.The main

7、idea of the paragraph is _.2.主题句在文中Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working

8、with her hands, and his hobby is gardening. What does this paragraph mainly talk about?3.主题句在文末When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you

9、have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.What is the passage mainly about?4.主题句首尾呼应Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette

10、smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ?A.Smok

11、ing can cause cancer. B.Smoking is a terrible killer C.Smoking is harmful to our health. D.An experiment on smoking5.无明显主题句根据高频词概括Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly. Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controltheseby talkingtoyourse

12、lfinyourownmind, whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourown headyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedby communicating with others withhonesty. Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorem

13、ember it is possible for everyone to get angryandtherefore, controllingitistherealchallenge.What is the best title of the passage ?A. Not everyone can control anger. B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful.D. Controlling anger is challenging根据各段主题句概括Mothers Day was coming, a

14、man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away. As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have sevent

15、y-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. Ill buy you a rose.”After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother. As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you t

16、ake me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didnt say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and d

17、rove the two hundred miles to his mothers house.What is the passage mainly about?A.Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mothers Day.B.A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.C.We should often help others.D.We should love our mothers.小练习1.Smoking in indoor publ

18、ic places including public working places, public transport vehicles and some other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January 2011.Should smoking be banned in public places?Of course,it should be. First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from healt

19、h problems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers. Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking. At last,smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air,so if it isbanned, it will help in saving the environment from further

20、 deterioration(恶化).What is the main idea of the passage ?A.Smoking is bad for health. B.Smoking will increase pollution.C.Smoking should be banned.D.Smoking can cause fire.2. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the am

21、ount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell

22、 more goods at increased prices. What is the main idea?A. Economic Principles B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices3. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And t

23、he man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearanceWhat does the writher want to tell us ?A. The innocent looks more guilty.B. The professional criminal looks innocent. C. A man knows everything likes to

24、hide his weekness.D. We shouldnt judge a person only by his appearance.4. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can

25、 share our photos or videos, share our location, we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. The tools of chatting.B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends.C. The functions of Wechat.D. We shou

26、ld often communicate with friends.5. For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. What does the paragraph mainly talk about?A. Cold is not serious for a

27、dults.B. Cold is serious for children. C. Cold has obvious symptoms.D. Cold should be cured at once.6. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching meth

28、od can satisfy all students at the same time. What is the main idea ?A. Some students prefer a strict teacher.B. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.C. Some students prefer to do work on their own.D. Students should respect teachers.7. Nothing is as useful as a flashligh

29、t in a dark night if a tire(轮胎) goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper(野营者) also needs one after the ligh

30、t of the campfire has been out. What is the main idea ?A. A flashlight is useful every day.B. A flashlight is useful in dark situations.C. Children are afraind of darkness.D. A camper needs a flashlight when the campfire is out.8. Magellans(麦哲伦) men were the first to make the trip around the world.

31、It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally, in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and conti