高考二轮定语从句总结.docx
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高考二轮定语从句总结
第六章定语从句
第一部分考点精讲精练
第1讲相关概念
考点1.主句、从句、关系词
主句：
在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。
定语从句：
相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语
先行词：
先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词：
关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的三个作用
1.作定语从句的一个句子成分。
2.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P错误！
未定义书签。
错误！
未找到引用源。
）。
3.代指被修饰的先行词。
考点2.关系代词
1指人时可以用who,也可用that。
Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?
Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.
2指物时可以用which,也可用that：
Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.
Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.
3whose可以指人也可以指物
Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.
Thedogwhosetailisveryshortismyneighbor’s.
4关系代词作宾语时可以省略：
Ilikethemealthat/which/（）wehadlastnight.
Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/（）wetalkedaboutjustnow?
注：
（）表示关系代词省略
考点3.关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。
when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。
例如：
1Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.
2Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.
3Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.
4ThisisthewayhowIdidit.（how不能作关系词）
基础过关：
1.用合适的关系词完成句子。
1Theman/washereyesterdayisapainter.
2Theman///IsawiscalledSmith.
3Achildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
4I'dlikearoomwindowlooksoutoverthesea.
5Aletter/iswritteninpencilishardtoread.
6Theletter//Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
7Thatistheboy///youarelookingfor.
8Doyouknowthereasonhewaslateforthemeeting.
9ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.
10Istillrememberthedaywemetforthefirsttime.
2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：
主句：
______定语从句：
（）先行词：
先行词关系词：
例：
Thisisthebook（thatIhavebeenlookingfor）.
1Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.
2Haveyouboughtwhichthebookwetalkedabout
3Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.
4Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
5TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.
6ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.
7Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.
8Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.
9Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.
10Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?
第2讲关系词的选择
考点1.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：
主句和从句。
关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
1.HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.
2.Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.
3.Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.
4.Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.
在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；
在句3和句4在，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语，因此用的都是关系代词which
在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语，因此都是用关系副词where
我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分。
考点2.选用关系词的方法：
一“找”二“还”三“替换”
1.找：
就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参看本章第1讲）
2.还：
根据先行词提供的意思，大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）
3.替换：
用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用成which/that即可）
例如：
1.Thisistheschool____Ioncestudied.
2.Thisistheschool____isthemostfamousinthecity.
3.Iamstudyingataschool____myfatherteachesEnglish.
找：
（略）
还原：
根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
1.Ioncestudiedattheschool.
2.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.
3.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换：
根据“对划线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此，答案为：
1.where2.that/which3.where
考点3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
答案与分析：
A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。
因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
3.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
4.Helivesinavillage____isnotfarfromthecity.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
5.Helivesinthevillage____hewasborn.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.
AwhereB.whenCwhichD.what
7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces___wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed..
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
8.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
9.Theplace_______hehadagoodtimelastSundaywastheChildren'sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_____westudiedtogether.
A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB
11.I’llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogether.
A.thatB.不填C.whenD.AandB
12.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways____donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.
A.inwhichB./C.howD.that
13.Isthisthefactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced.
A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich
14.Isthisfactory_____colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich
15.Thisisthefactory____producescolorsTVsets.
A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich
16.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
17.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’sIgo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
18.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
19.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
20.【2012江西】By16:
30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB．whenC．whatD．that
第3讲只能用that不能用which的情况
考点1.先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything,等不定代词时
关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
1.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.
A.whichB.asC.whoD.that
2.Isthereanything__________toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
3.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
考点2.先行词是all,much，little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时
关系词只能用that,不能用which。
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
4.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now____islefttothemisutterpoverty.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.allwhichD.thatall
5.Thedoctordidall____tosavethewoundedboy.
A.whathecouldB.hecould
C.everythingwhichhecould
D.forwhichhecoulddo
6.Thereisnotmuch___canbedone.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how
7.【2010浙江】_________that'simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.
A.OneB.AllC.EverythingD.Anything
8.Thereisnodifficulty____can'tbeovercomeintheworld.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
9.Alltheapples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.what
10.Youcantakeanyseat___isfree.
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame
等类似特指这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which.
11.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.
A.which；thatB.that；which
C.which；whichD.that；that
12.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.thatB.itC.whichwho
13.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone____Ihavewatchedthisyear.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that
14.Thisistheveryfilm___I'velongwishedtosee.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
15.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.
A.whichB.whoC.thatD./
16.Thisisthelasttime__Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
17.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
考点4.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that
18.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
19.Boththegirlandherdog____werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that
20.Allthepassengersandsuitcases____werestillwaitingonthebrokendownbushadtobetransferredtoanotherlongdistancebus.
A.theyB.whoC.whichD.that
21.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
考点5.注意：
关系副词不受这些规则的影响
这只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。
如：
22.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_______lifehasdevelopedgradually.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
Thisisthesamehouse_____hergrandfatherwasborn.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
第4讲其它有关关系词选择的规则
考点1.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that,who
1.【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_________shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
2.【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhich
C.mostofwhatD.mostofthat
3.Thisisthemuseum____wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
4.【2009全国
】Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
5.【2010浙江】Thesettlementishometonearly
升级会员 