高考二轮定语从句总结.docx

1、高考二轮定语从句总结第六章 定语从句第一部分 考点精讲精练 第1讲 相关概念考点1. 主句、从句、关系词主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的三个作用 1. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。2. 起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。3. 代指被修饰的先行词。考点2. 关系代词1 指人时可以用who, 也可用that。Do y

2、ou know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Toms uncle.2 指物时可以用which, 也可用that：I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.3 whose可以指人也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known i

3、n his life time.The dog whose tail is very short is my neighbors.4 关系代词作宾语时可以省略：I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/() we talked about just now?注：（）表示关系代词省略考点3. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。例如：1 We will put off the picnic until

4、 next week when the weather may be better. 2 He has reached the point where a change is needed.3 That is no reason why you should leave.4 This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)基础过关：1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。1 The man / was here yesterday is a painter.2 The man / / / I saw is called Smith.3 A child parents a

5、re dead is called an orphan.4 Id like a room window looks out over the sea.5 A letter / is written in pencil is hard to read.6 The letter / / I received from him yesterday is very important.7 That is the boy / / / you are looking for.8 Do you know the reason he was late for the meeting.9 This is the

6、 school I used to study.10 I still remember the day we met for the first time.2. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主句：_ 定语从句：（ ） 先行词：先行词 关系词： 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for).1 The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.2 Have you bought which the book we talked about3 I still rememb

7、er the day which we spent together last week.4 He still lives in the house whose windows face south.5 The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.6 The girl who you met was Johns sister.7 There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends.8 They arrived in the early morn

8、ing when the sky was still dark.9 The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.10 Is this the hospital where you were born?第2讲 关系词的选择考点1. 选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。1. He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.2. He

9、 worked in the factory where his father had worked.3. I like the school which is near to my home.4. I like the school where my sister studies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4在，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是做主语，因此用的都是关系代词which在句2和句4中

10、，关系词在定语从句中都是做状语，因此都是用关系副词where我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分。考点2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1. 找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词（参看本章第1讲）2. 还：根据先行词提供的意思，大胆的把定语从句还原为完整的一句话，（可以添词）3. 替换：用关系词替换关系词还原后的部分，做主语和宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对划线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用成which/that即可）例如：1. This is the schoo

11、l _ I once studied.2. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city.3. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：1. I once studied at the school.2. The school is the most famous in the city.3. My father teaches English at the school.粗斜体部分为根据先

12、行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据 “对划线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where 2. that/which 3. where考点3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D

13、关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词做宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1. Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why2. Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work?A. that B. what C. how D. why3. The reason _he didnt come was _he w

14、as ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what4. He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.A. which B. where C. what D. whose5. He lives in the village _ he was born.A. which B. where C. what D. whose6. In an hour, we travel to places_ could have taken our ancestors day

15、s to reach.A where B. when C which D. what 7. In an hour, we travel to places_ we can relax and get refreshed.A. where B. when C. which D. what8. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which9. The place _he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens

16、 Palace.A. which B. where C. what D. in which10. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B11. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that B. 不填 C. when D. A and B12. If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to

17、other living things. A. in which B. / C. how D. that13. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced.A. when B. the one where C. that D. in which14. Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced?A. where B. the one where C. that D. in which15. This is the factory _ produces colors TV sets.A. wher

18、e B. the one where C. that D. in which16. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose17. 【2010天津】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15

19、.A. as B. which C. where D. that18. 【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that19. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which

20、B. where C. what D. who20. 【2012江西】By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which Bwhen Cwhat Dthat第3讲 只能用that不能用which的情况考点1. 先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything, 等不定代词时关系代词一般只用that，不用which。1. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading.A. which B. as

21、 C. who D. that2. Is there anything_ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs3. 【2010全国2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 考点2. 先行词是all, much，little, none或先行词被all, much, little, no, any修饰时关系词只能用that, 不

22、能用which。All the people that are present burst into tears.4. These people once had fame and fortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. A. all that B. all what C. all which D. that all5. The doctor did all _to save the wounded boy.A. what he could B. he could C. everything which he could D. for

23、which he could do 6. There is not much _ can be done.A. that B. which C. what D. how7. 【2010浙江】_ thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.A. One B. All C. Everything D. Anything8. There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A. that B. which C. who

24、D. what 9. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what10. You can take any seat _ is free.A. that B. / C. which D. it考点3. 先行词被最高级、序数词以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same等类似特指这类词修饰时，关系代词常用that，不用which.11. The most important thing _ we should pa

25、y attention to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which；that B. that；which C. which；which D. that；that12. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who13. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year.A. which B. what C. whose D. that 14. This

26、is the very film _ Ive long wished to see. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 15. I like the second football match _ was held last week.A. which B. who C. that D. /16. This is the last time_ I shall come here to help you. A. that B. which C. when D. what 17. Its the third time _ late this month.A. that

27、 you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived考点4. 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that18. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last nightA. which B. whom C. who D. that19. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by

28、a coming car.A. which B. who C. they D. that20. All the passengers and suitcases _ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus.A. they B. who C. which D. that21. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that

29、C. whom D. what考点5. 注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响这只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：22. 【2010福建】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whoseThis is the same house _ her grandfather was born.A. that B. where C. which D. whose第4讲 其它有

30、关关系词选择的规则考点1. 关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，whom;不能用that, who1. 【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that2. 【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that3. This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. in that4. 【2009全国】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these 5. 【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly