四级真题解析.docx

四级真题解析.docx

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四级真题解析

PartIWriting（30minutes）

TheChallengesofLivinginaBigCity

【1】Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandurbanization,thenumberofcitiesisconstantlyincreasinginChina.【2】Whilebigcitiesareattractingmoreandmorepeople,theyalsobringmanychallenges,suchastrafficjamandpollution,justtonameafew.【3】Thefirstproblemthatreallybothersmeisthetrafficcongestionintherushhour.Ihatewaitingforbusesandbeing,IhavetogetupveryearlyifIhaveanappointmentinthemorning.【4】Nextisthatthelargepopulationinabigcitymakesit【5】socrowdedthatyoucan'tfindapeacefulplaceunlessstayingathome.Thesupermarketsarealwayscrowded,soarethecinemasandparks.parks.【6】Anotherconsequenceforsuchalargepopulationisthatitintensifiestheinadequacyofqualitymedicalandeducationalresources,thusdecreasingresidents'senseofhappiness.

【7】Asaresult,althoughIamfrequentlyaskedwhetherIliketoliveinabigcityornot,myanswerisalwaysno,definitelynot,Howaboutyou

话题词汇:

unsatisfactory不满意的

leisure娱乐

opportunity机会

fastpace快节奏

pressure压力

lifestyle生活方式

environment环境

urban城市的

health健康

PartIIIReadingComprehension

SectionA

【词性分析】:

名词:

A）ability能力;才能;E）control控制;管制;F）damage伤害;损害;M）sources来源;根源;O）vehicles交通工具,车辆

动词:

B）associated与…相关;联系;E）control管理;控制;克制;F）damage损害;对……有不良影响G）described描绘,描述;Hequals相当于;比得上;）innovated创新,革新;L）relates相联系;把…系起来;M）sources来自……;找出…的来源;N）undermine逐渐削弱

形容词:

D）constant持续不断的;始终如一的

副词:

C）consciously有意识地,自觉地;1）exclusively仅仅,唯独;K）regularly经常;定期地

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26-damageoccurringinthedevelopingworld.

Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27-associatedwithairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.

1.diev.死亡，熄灭;凋零n.骰子

2.trillion[ˈtrɪljən]n.万亿;兆adj.万亿的

3.welfare[ˈwelfeə（r）]n.福利;幸福;繁荣;安宁

4.alone[əˈləʊn]adj.单独的;独一无二的;独自的adv.单独地;独自地;孤独地;只，只有;

Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28-sourceslikehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained29-constantoverthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.

5.source[sɔrs]n.根源，本源;源头，水源;原因v.来源;起源;寻求来源

6.remain[rɪˈmen]n.剩余物，残骸;残余;遗迹;遗体v.留下;保持;依然;搁置;剩余，剩下;逗留

7.constant[ˈkɒnstənt]adj.不断的，持续的;永恒的，始终如一的;坚定;忠实的n.常量;不变的事物

TheweatherisaconstanttopicofconversationinBritain.在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。

8.despite[dɪˈspaɪt]prep.不管;尽管（自己）不愿意;不在乎;n.侮辱;憎恨;怨恨;轻蔑的拒绝或不承认例句：

Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation（健康指标与评估研究所所长）ChrisMurray30-describeditasan“urgentcalltoaction”action.Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle31-control,”hesaid.

9.institute[ˈɪnstɪtju:

t]vt.建立;制定;开始;着手n.协会;学会;学院;（教育、专业等）机构

例句：

Hethoughtoftryingforapositioninaresearchinstitute.他想方设法在一个研究机关找个工作.

10.metric[ˈmetrɪk]adj.米制的，公制的healthmetrics健康指标

11.evaluate[ɪˈvæljueɪt]v.评价，估价

12.urgent[ˈɜ:

dʒənt]adj.急迫的;催促的;强求的;极力主张的

例句：

Thereisanurgentneedforfoodandwater

13.premature[ˈpremətʃə（r）]adj.过早的;提前的;早产的;草率的

Afirecausedtheprematureclosingoftheexhibition.火灾迫使展览会提前结束.

abortion

Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32-equalsnearly,1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey33-regularlyexpensivedangerousleversofoutdoorairpollution.

14.labor['leɪbə（r）]n.劳动;劳工;v.努力争取（for）;苦干adj.劳工的，工会的

Buttheproblemisnotlimited34-exlcusivelytothethedevelopingworld.Thousandsdieprematurelyinthe.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel（[ˈdi:

zl]柴油）35-vehicleshavebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.

petrol[ˈpetrəl]=gasoline[ˈgæsəli:

n]

splashpetrol

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

食物即药物运动正在取得进展

A）Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaisles（aisle[aɪl]n.过道，通道;侧廊）ofRalphsmarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau（丹尼尔·那多）,wandering（wander[ˈwɒndə（r）]vt.漫步,游荡,闲逛;（道路或河流）蜿蜒曲折;（人的思想等）走神，胡思乱想）thecereal（[ˈsɪəriəl]n.谷物;荞麦食品adj.谷物的）aislewithAllisonScott（艾莉森·斯科特）,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistently（adv.坚持地;固执地）avoidanythingthatishealthy.“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning”heasksher.“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare;youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”

B）Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysician（[fɪˈzɪʃn]n.医生，内科医生）whoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter（玛丽&迪克·艾伦糖尿病中心）,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance（[əˈlaɪəns]n.（国家、政党等的）结盟，同盟）（圣约瑟夫·霍格健康联盟）.Thecenter's‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfor（注册，报名参加）theservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

C）Nadeaunoticesthepre-made（预先配制,现成的）macaroni（[ˌmækəˈrəʊni]通心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott'sshoppingcart（[kɑ:

t]手推车）andsuggestssheswitchtowholegrain（谷物，粮食）macaroniandrealcheese.“SoI'dhavetomakeit“sheasks,herenthusiasmfading[feɪd]v.（褪去，失去光泽;逐渐消逝）atthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsreject（[rɪˈdʒekt]vt.拒绝;抛弃，扔掉;排斥;吐出或呕吐;）it.“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon'teatit.”

D）Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreverse（[rɪˈvɜ:

s]v.（使）反转;（使）颠倒;掉换;撤消）that.”Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.

E）Nadeauispartofasmallrevolution（[ˌrevəˈlu:

ʃn]n.革命;彻底改变）developingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit'smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolely（[ˈsəʊlli]adv.唯一地;仅仅;独一无二地）onmedications（药物）.Byprescribingnutritional（[njʊ'trɪʃənl]adj.营养的;滋养的）changesorlaunchingprogramssuchas'ShopwithYourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytoward（可以取得很大进步）reversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancer,byfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.

F）Inthebigpicture（从大局来看）,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofSt.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutions（institution[ˌɪnstɪˈtju:

ʃn]n.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构;惯例，制度）acrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophical（[ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl]adj.哲学上的）switchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.Thatfeelingechoes（[ˈekəʊ]n.回声，共鸣）thebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogram（[ˌθerəˈpju:

tɪk][ˈpæntri]治疗性食物储藏室项目）atZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital（扎克伯格旧金山综合医院）,whichcompleteditspilotphase[feɪz]（试验阶段）andisabouttoexpandonanongoing（[ˈɒngəʊɪŋ]不断变化的）basistofiveclinic（[ˈklɪnɪk]n.诊所，门诊部）sitesthroughout（[θru:

ˈaʊt]prep.（表示时间）自始至终;在…期间;遍及…地域;遍及…场所adv.处处;始终;在所有方面）thecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensive（[ɪnˈtensɪv]adj.加强的，强烈的）traininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital'smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives（健康食品倡议initiative[ɪˈnɪʃətɪv]n.倡议adj.自发的）."Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

G）InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine（洛马·琳达大学医学院）isofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysicians（住院医师）inLifestyleMedicine--thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantially（[səbˈstænʃəli]adv.本质上，实质上;大体上;充分地;相当多地）fromdietary（['daɪətərɪ]adj.饮食的例如：

dietarysupplement膳食补充品）changes.Nonetheless（adv.虽然如此）,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:

thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation'shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstroke（[strəʊk]中风）arecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterol（[kəˈlestərɒl]胆固醇）andlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

H）“It'sadifferentparadigm（[ˈpærədaɪm]范式）ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea（布伦达·雷）,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventive（[prɪˈventɪv]n.预防;防止adj.预防的）medicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients'nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboard（[ˈkʌbəd]n.橱柜;衣柜;食物柜;壁橱）andkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalso