四级真题解析.docx

1、四级真题解析Part I Writing(30 minutes)The Challenges of Living in a Big City【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution

2、,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being , I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it【5】so crowded that you cant

3、find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents sense of happiness.【

4、7】 As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you话题词汇:unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会fast pace快节奏pressure压力lifestyle生活方式environment环境urban城市的health健康Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A【词性分析】:

5、名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles交通工具,车辆动词:B) associated与相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对有不良影响G) described描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把系起来;M) sources来自;找出的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的副词:C) consciously有意识地

6、,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地 Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27-associated

7、with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.1. die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子2. trilliontrljnn. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的3. welfare welfe(r) n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁4. alone ln adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有;The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which

8、includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remained 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.5. source srs n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源6. remain rmen

9、n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留7. constant knstnt adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物 The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain. 在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。8. despite dspat prep. 不管; 尽管（自己）不愿意; 不在乎; n. 侮辱; 憎恨; 怨恨; 轻蔑的拒绝或不承认 例句：Despite his lack of experience, he got the j

10、ob. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation（健康指标与评估研究所所长） Chris Murray 30-described it as an“urgent call to action”action. One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31-control ,”he said.9. institute nsttju:t vt. 建立; 制定; 开始;

11、 着手n. 协会; 学会; 学院; （教育、专业等）机构例句：He thought of trying for a position in a research institute. 他想方设法在一个研究机关找个工作.10. metricmetrk adj. 米制的，公制的 health metrics 健康指标11. evaluate vljuetv. 评价，估价12. urgent:dnt adj. 急迫的; 催促的; 强求的; 极力主张的例句： There is an urgent need for food and water13. prematurepremt(r) adj. 过早的

12、; 提前的; 早产的; 草率的 A fire caused the premature closing of the exhibition. 火灾迫使展览会提前结束.abortionThe effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32-equals nearly, 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle-income countries live in places wher

13、e they 33-regularly expensive dangerous levers of outdoor air pollution.14. laborleb(r)n.劳动;劳工;v. 努力争取(for); 苦干adj. 劳工的，工会的But the problem is not limited 34-exlcusively to the the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the . as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where

14、 diesel( di:zl 柴油) 35-vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.petrol petrl = gasoline gsli:n splash petrolFood-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress食物即药物运动正在取得进展A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles(aisle aln.过道，通道; 侧廊) of

15、 Ralphs market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau(丹尼尔那多), wandering(wander wnd(r)vt. 漫步,游荡,闲逛; （道路或河流）蜿蜒曲折; （人的思想等）走神，胡思乱想 ) the cereal( sriln.谷物; 荞麦食品adj. 谷物的) aisle with Allison Scott（艾莉森斯科特）,

16、giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently(adv.坚持地; 固执地) avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to

17、prepare; you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician( fznn.医生，内科医生) who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center(玛丽&迪克艾伦糖尿病中心), part of the St. Joseph Hoag Healthalliance

18、(lansn.（国家、政党等的）结盟，同盟)（圣约瑟夫霍格健康联盟）. The centers Shop with Your Doc program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for(注册，报名参加) the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.C) Nadeau notices the pre-made(预先配制,现成的) macaroni (mkrni通心粉)-an

19、d-cheese boxes in Scotts shopping cart( k:t手推车) and suggests she switch to whole grain(谷物，粮食) macaroni and real cheese. “So Id have to make it “she asks, her enthusiasm fadingfedv.(褪去，失去光泽; 逐渐消逝) at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject( rdektvt.拒绝; 抛弃，扔掉; 排斥; 吐出或呕吐;)

20、 it. “Im not sure theyd eat it. They just wont eat it.”D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “ And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I thi

21、nk we should try to reverse(rv:s v.（使）反转; （使）颠倒; 掉换;撤消) that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.E)Nadeau is part of a small revolution(revlu:n n.革命;彻底改变) developing across California. The food-a

22、s-medicine movement has been around for decades, but its making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely( slliadv.唯一地;仅仅;独一无二地) on medications(药物). By prescribing nutritional( njtrnladj.营养的;滋养的) changes or launching programs suc

23、h as Shop with Your Doc , they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “Theres no question people can take things a long way toward(可以取得很大进步) reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer, by food choices,” Nadeau says.F) In the

24、 big picture（从大局来看）, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of St. Joseph Hoag Health,medical institutions（institutionnsttju:nn.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构; 惯例，制度）across the state are starting to make a philosophical（flsfkl adj.哲学上的）switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organizatio

25、n. That feeling echoes（ekn.回声，共鸣） the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program（ erpju:tkpntri 治疗性食物储藏室项目） at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital（扎克伯格旧金山综合医院）, which completed its pilot phase fez （试验阶段） and is about to expand on an ongoing（ ng不断变化的） basis to five clinic（klnk n.诊所，门诊部） sit

26、es throughout（ru:at prep.（表示时间）自始至终; 在期间; 遍及地域; 遍及场所adv. 处处; 始终; 在所有方面） the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive（ntensvadj.加强的，强烈的）training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away

27、food, ”says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospitals medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives（健康食品倡议initiativentvn.倡议adj.自发的）. We want people to understand what theyre eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”G)In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine（洛马琳达大学医学

28、院） is offering specialized training for its resident physicians（住院医师） in Lifestyle Medicine-that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or

29、 that every illness can benefit substantially（ sbstnli adv.本质上，实质上; 大体上; 充分地; 相当多地） from dietary（ datr adj.饮食的 例如：dietary supplement膳食补充品） changes. Nonetheless（adv.虽然如此）, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods i

30、n the American diet contribute to the nations high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke（strk中风） are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol（klestrl 胆固醇） and low consumptio

31、n of fruits and vegetables.H）“Its a different paradigm( prdam范式) of how to treat disease, ”says Dr. Brenda Rea（布伦达雷）, who helps run the family and preventive（ prventv n. 预防; 防止adj.预防的） medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard（kbdn.橱柜; 衣柜; 食物柜; 壁橱） and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also