最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx

最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料.docx

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最新考研英语真题英语一阅读部分资料

Text1

①Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.②OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit—andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.③Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

①Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.②Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance.③“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon,”heclaimed.④“We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster.”⑤Help?

⑥Really?

⑦Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.⑧Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”—protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

①Losingajobishurting:

youdon'tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.②Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.③Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.④Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.⑤Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

①ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.②Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.③TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.④Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker'sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.⑤Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborne'sschemewasintendedto__________.

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits

[B]encouragejobseekers'activeengagementinjobseeking

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily

[D]guaranteejobseekers'legitimaterighttobenefits

22.Thephrase“tosignon”（Line2,Para.2）mostprobablymeans__________.

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre

[B]toacceptthegovernment'srestrictionsontheallowance

[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment

[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram

23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel__________.

[A]uneasy

[B]enraged

[C]insulted

[D]guilty

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers'laziness.

[B]Osborne'sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers'allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

Text2

①Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.②ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

①Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.②Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.③Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.④Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

①Therearemanyreasonsforthis.②Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.③ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubjects,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.④Thisleavestoday'saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.⑤Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

①Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.②Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.③Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.④Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.⑤Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.⑥Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

①Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.②ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.③Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.④Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

①Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms'efficiency.②Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.③Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto__________.

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor'sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom__________.

[A]lawyers'andclients'strongresistance

[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession

[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers

[D]non-professionals'sharpcriticism

29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit__________.

[A]bansoutsiders'involvementintheprofession

[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares

[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade

[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits

30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses__________.

[A]flawedownershipofAmerica'slawfirmsanditscauses

[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica

[C]aprobleminAmerica'slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit

[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica'slegaleducation

Text3

①TheUS$3-millionFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardinMarch.②Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.③AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.④Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.⑤Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

①What'snottolike?

②Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.③Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.④Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.⑤Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.⑥Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.⑦Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.⑧Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

①Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.②Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.

①AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.②TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.③ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.④TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedw