停车类问题中英文翻译旅游古城斋浦尔的停车管理战略.docx

停车类问题中英文翻译旅游古城斋浦尔的停车管理战略.docx

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停车类问题中英文翻译旅游古城斋浦尔的停车管理战略

中文4335字

英文原文：

摘自：

IE（I）Journal.CV中的

《ParkingManagementStrategyfortheWalledCityofJaipur》

ParkingManagementStrategyfortheWalledCityofJaipur

Jaipurisaveryfastgrowingmetropolitancitywhichhasrecordedexponentialgrowthofpopulationinthelastfourdecades.ThegrowthofvehiclepopulationinJaipurisveryalarming.Thepublictransportsystemisveryweakandthisispropellingthegrowthofindividualmodesoftransport.TheeconomicactivitiesarecongregatingandintensifyinginthewalledcityofJaipurasaresultofwhichalargenumberofpassengerandgoodstransporttripsoriginateandendinthewalledcity.Thissituationiswarrantingtheneedforadequateparkingfacilitiesandappropriatemanagementpolicies,iftheactivitiesofwalledcityaretosustain.ThispaperpresentsthesurveyscarriedouttoassesstheparkingdemandandsupplywithinthewalledcityofJaipur.Theparkingdemandisprojectedforthehorizonyearandtheshortfallisestimated.Theprivatesectorparticipationtomeettheprojecteddemandbyimplementingparkingmanagementandpricingpoliciesisalsoillustratedinthepaper.

Keywords:

Parkingaccumulation;Parkingduration;Parkingdemand;Parkingdesign;Parkingpolicy

INTRODUCTION

Metropolitancentresinthecountryareincreasingbothinnumberandpopulation.Therewere23suchcitiesin1991andtheseareexpectedtobe40bytheturnofthecentury1.Mostofthesecitieshavedevelopedfromhistoricaltimes.Theeconomicactivitiesliketrade,commerceandadministrationcreatedintheoldpartsofthecitiesaregettingdensifiedrapidly.Insomecitiesthehistoricspotsoftouristinterestarealsolocatedintheseoldparts.Consequentlytheintensityofjourneystotheseactivitycentresareincreasing.Theimprovementintheeconomicstatusofthepeoplecoupledwithavailabilityofpersonalmodesoftransporthascontributedtothegrowthinvehiculartraffictotheactivitycentres.Theresultingscenarioisthattheroadsleadingtothesecentresarefloodedwithvehiclesofalltypesresultingincongestion.Anothertypicalfeatureoftheseareasisthatthecarriagewayandfootpaths,meantrespectivelyforvehicularandpedestriantraffic,areoccupiedbyhawkersandvendorsreducingthecapacityofcarriagewaysaddingtotheproblemsofcrawlingtrafficandchokedroads.Asoftodaythecommercialareasineverycityarefacedwithproblemsofparking,congestion,accidentsandenvironmentalpollution.Theplannersandadministrators,concernedwiththeseproblems,aretryingtofindsolutions.ThepresentpaperdescribesoneoftheattemptsofplannersinfindingoutsolutiontotheparkingproblemsofwalledcityinJaipur.ThepaperincludesdescriptionoftheparkingproblemsinwalledcityofJaipur,fieldstudiesconductedtoassessthecharacteristicsofparkingandremedialmeasuressuggestedalongwithasuitableparkingpolicy.

PARKINGPROBLEMSINJAIPURCITY

Jaipurisoneofthemetropolitancitiesinthecountrywithapopulationofover1.5millionandisobservedtobegrowingat49%perdecade1.BesidesbeingthecapitalcityofRajasthan,thecityofJaipurisamajortouristcentreinthecountryaswell.Majorportionsofeconomicactivitiesofthecityarelocatedinwalledcityarea,spreadingover6.7km2.Thisareais,besideshavingheavilyconcentratedactivities,averyimportanttouristcentreandattractstouristsfromallovertheglobe.Theeconomicactivitiesintheformofwholesaletrade,commerce,householdindustries,administrationandtouristspotsgenerateheavytraffictoandfromtheseareas.Thelimitedroadspaceoftheareaiscongestedwithvehicularandpedestriantraffic.Theshopkeepersandvendorsalsooccupythesidewalksandcarriageways.Consequentlythetrafficintheseareasisfacingacutecongestion,bottlenecksandhazards.Theenvironmentalpollutionaswellasphysicalandvisualintrusionsarealsosomeoftheotherproblemsincreasinglyfacedbytheresidentsandthevisitorstothearea.

Parkingdemandinthewalledcityareaismetmainlybyroadsideparkingalongallmajorroadsandthereisnomajoroff-streetparkingfacility.Withtheeverincreasingparkingdemandthevehiclesareparkedintworowsoncarriageways.Footpathsarealsofilledwithparkedvehicles.Whilethereisheavydemandforparking,thelimitedenforcementofregulatorymeasuresfailtocontrolandmanagetheparkingproblems.TheJaipurDevelopmentAuthority（JDA）concernedwiththegrowingdemandforparkingandtherelatedproblems,（ie,trafficcirculation,congestionetc）,requestedtheCentralRoadResearchInstitute.NewDelhi,tostudytheparkingproblemsandsuggestpoliciesandschemesofmanagement.Inthelightoftheresourceandtimeconstraints,aswellasseverityofproblems,thescopeofthestudywasrestrictedtoKishanpolebazaarinthewest,

Tripoliabazaarinthenorth,MirzaIsmailRoad（MIRoad）inthesouthandJoharibazaarintheeastasshowninFigure1.

Figure1Mapshowingthestudyarea

OBJECTIVEANDSCOPEOFTHESTUDY

Thestudywastakenupwiththefollowingobjectives:

otoassesstheparkingdemandandcharacteristicsofthestudyarea;

otoassessthetrafficoperatingconditionsonthemajorroadswithinthestudyarea;

otoprojecttheparkingdemandofthefuture;

otoexplorethepossibilitiesofaugmentingtheparkingspaces;and

otodevelopparkingmanagementschemesandpoliciestomeettheparking

demandofthepresentandfuture.

FIELDSTUDIES

Withaviewtoassesstheexistingparkingdemand,parkingsupply,trafficvolumeandtrafficspeedonmajorroadsandrelateddatawascollectedbycarryingoutfieldsurveys,namely,

otrafficvolumesurvey;

ospeedanddelaysurveyoftraffic;

oparkingdurationandaccumulationsurveys;

ousersopinionsurvey;

oinventoryofregulatorymeasuresofparking;and

oinventoryofparkingspaces.

TrafficVolumeSurvey

Thissurveywascarriedoutbetween0900hand1300handbetween1600hand2000honanormalworkingdayatmid-blocklocationsofthefollowingroadsections:

oKishanpoleBazaar;

oChauraRastha;

oJohariBazaar;and

oTripoliaBazaar.

SpeedandDelaySurveys

Speedanddelaystudieswereconductedonallthemajorroadsectionstoobtainaveragejourneyspeedsandrelateddelaysduringthemorningandeveningpeakhours.Theroadsectionsincludedinthesurveyare:

oKishanpoleBazaar;

oChauraRastha;

oJohariBazaar;

oTripoliaBazaar;

oNehruBazaar;

oBapuBazaar;and

oMirzaIsmailRoad.

ParkingSurveys

Thesesurveyswerecarriedouttoassesstheparkingdemand,parkingcharacteristics,parkingaccumulationanddurationwithinthestudyarea.

UsersSurvey

Bothtwo-wheelerandfour-wheeleruserswereinterviewedonsamplingbasistoobtainthedataonsocio-economiccharacteristics,purposeofthetrip,originoftrip,durationofparking,timeneededtowalktothefinaldestinationandproblemsfacedwhileparking.Theinterviewscoveredallthesevenroadsectionsmentionedinthespeedanddelaystudies.

InventoryofRegulationandControl

Theinventoryofregulatoryandcontrolmeasuresthatareinvoguehavebeenidentifiedandtheprevailingenforcementmeasureshavebeenstudiedthroughfieldinspection.Theinventorysurveycoveredalltheroadsectionsmentionedinspeedanddelaystudies.

InventoryofOff-streetParkingFacilities

Inventoryofthetwoavailableoff-streetparkingfacilitiesinthevicinityofthestudyareahasbeencarriedout.Thisincludedtheassessmentoftheavailablespacesandtheireffectivenessasparkinglots.

TRAFFICCHARACTERISTICS

Thedatacollectedthroughsurveyshavebeenanalysedtounderstandthenatureandmagnitudeofthetrafficproblemsandparkingcharacteristics.Theseaspectsoftrafficarediscussedhere.

TrafficVolume

Theroadsectionsinthestudyareaarefoundtocarrytrafficnotonlyterminatingtotheactivitieslocatedinthestudyareabutalsotootherareas（throughtraffic）.ThepeakhourtrafficandcompositionpresentedinTable1showthatthetrafficvolumerangesfrom3600vehicles/hto8200vehicles/h.ThemaximumflowwasobservedonTripoliaBazaar.Itisinterestingtonotethatthetwo-wheelers,cyclesandcyclerickshawsaccountedformorethan85%ofthetraffic.TripoliaBazaarhasmaximumpercentageofnon-motorisedtraffic（morethan50%）.

ParkingAccumulation

Vehiclesparkedinthestudyareacomprisedtwo-wheelers,cycles,cyclerickshaws,fourwheelersandgoodsvehicles,suchas,pedalcartsandcyclecarts.Amongstthesetwo-wheelerandcyclerickshawsweredominant.PeakparkingdemandofvehiclesonselectedroadsectionsispresentedinTable2.ThetableshowsthatTripoliaBazaarrankshighwith1882vehiclesfollowedbyJohariBazaarwith1604vehicles.Theparkingdemandfortheentirestudyareaintermsofequivalentcar

spaces（ECS）wasworkedouttobe3985.ThehourlyvariationsintermsofthevehiclesparkedondifferentroadsectionsarepresentedinFigure2.Fromthefigureitcanbeobservedthattheaccumulationreachesmaximumby1200handdeclinesgraduallybyafternoonandagainbecomesmaximumintheeveningby1830h.

ParkingDuration

Dataondurationofparkingofthecarsandtwo-wheelersinthestudyareahasbeenanalysed.Cumulativepercentagesofcarsandtwo-wheelersparkedfordifferenttimedurationarepresentedinFigure3.Itcanbeseenfromthefigurethat60%ofcarsand55%oftwo-wheelerswereparkedforlessthanhalfanhour.Similarly,78%ofcarsand75%oftwo-wheelersareparkedforlessthanonehour.Theparkingdurationoftwo-wheelersisobservedtobemorethanthatofcars.Thismaybeduetotheshopkeepersowningtwo-wheelersandparkin