人教版英语必修一至必修四语法知识复习与练习详细版.docx
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人教版英语必修一至必修四语法知识复习与练习详细版
必修一至必修四语法知识复习
Book1Unit1-2直接引语与间接引语
直接引语到间接引语的转变注意间接引语中时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语以及其他部分要根据情况发生变化。
1.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”
MrBlacksaidthat___alongway___.
A.Ihadwalked…lastweek
B.hehadwalked…thatweek
C.Iwalked…lastweek
D.hehaswalked…thisweek
如果引语部分是客观事实或真理，则变为间接引语，定语从句中时态不需要发生变化。
2.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?
”
Theteacheraskedher___thesun___intheeast.
A.if…riseB.if…rises
C.whether…roseD.whetherdid…rise
引语部分为一般疑问句，变为间接引语由连词whether或if引导，后面用陈述句语序
3.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?
”
Theyaskedus___afraidtoleave___house.
A.thatwerewe…this
B.thatwewere…that
C.ifwerewe…this
D.ifwewere…that
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。
句式…asked+疑问词+陈述句语序…
4.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?
”
Janeasked___about___.
A.thatheheard…aweekago
B.whathehadheard…aweekbefore
C.whathehadheard…aweekago
D.ifheheard…aweekago
直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order的宾语。
句式….tell,ask,ordersbtodo/nottodo
Eg:
Thesoliderordered:
”Bequiet.”
→Thesoliderorderedustobequiet.
Myteacheraskedme:
”Don’tlaugh.”
→Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.
Book1Unit3现在进行时表示将来时
表示最近按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，可以用现在进行时表示将来时。
句子中一般有以下特点:
1.表示位置转移的动词gocomeleavestartarrivestay等
5.—Whatareyougoingtodotonight?
—Iamgoingtoattendthelecture,andthenwe______tothebookstore.
A.wentB.goC.aregoingD.havegone
6.---I’mgoingtotheStates.
---Howlong___you___intheStates?
A.are;stayed B.are;staying
C.have;stayed D.did;stay
2.表示交通方式、行程安排的动词fly,walk,ride,drive,take（abus,ataxi）,takeoff等
7.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane____.
A.takesoffB.istakingoff
C.hastakenoffD.tookoff
3.也可用于其他动词
8.I’vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I____mymum.
A.amtakingB.havetaken
C.takeD.willhavetaken
Book1Unit4-Unit5Book2Unit1&Unit5
定语从句
定语从句用于修饰名词，被修饰的名词成为先行词，引导定语的从句需要借助关系词/引导词
关系词的作用：
1在定语从句中代替先行词；
2在定语从句中充当特定成分；
3连接主语与定语从句
e.g．Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.
（wholivesnexttous为定语从句，修饰先行词theman,关系词who在定语从句中代替theman，在句中作主语。
）
关系代词
关系副词
That
人、物
主语、宾语（省）
When
时间状语
Which
物
主语、宾语（省）
Where
地点状语
Who
人
主语、宾语（省）
Why
原因状语
Whom
人
宾语（省）
Whose
人、物
与名词搭配，做定语
★选择关系代词还是选择关系副词，要看定语从句缺少什么成分
9.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm_____weworked.
A.thatB.there
C.whichD.where
10.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm_____wevisitedlastmonth.
A.whatB.there
C.whichD.where
11.Istillrememberthewonderfultime______IhadtogetherwiththeminXinjiang.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhich
12.Istillrememberthewonderfultime______welivedinAmerica.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhich
13.Intheend,JapanandKoreareachedthepoint___bothsidessatdownandhadapeacefultalk.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.Which
强调句itis/was...that/who...与定语从句
判断：
去掉强调句的结构完整，这是强调句，否则考虑定语从句
14.ItwasinSichuanProvince______theearthquakecausedagreatloss.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
ItwasSichuanProvince______theearthquakecausedagreatloss.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
非限制性定语从句不能用that，其他的关系词根据从句缺什么成分以及先行词是人是物进行选择
15.TheywillflytoWashington,_____theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
A.whereB.there
C.whichD.when
16.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,______canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.
A.whoB.which
C.whatD.that
17.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,______itwassopoorlyequipped.
A.whenB.which
C.whatD.that
18.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,__________weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.where
C.whoD.that
非限制性定语从句中，which和as都可以指整个句子，但as还有“正如”的意思，which放句末
19.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.
A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it
Book2Unit5介词+关系代词引导定语从句
1.某些动词，形容词，名词搭配，如talktosb.中的介词置于定语从句之前，这时则要考虑使用介词+相应的关系代词的结构。
20.Thecomputer,______hepaid￥3,000,wasonceownedbyhisuncle.
A.whichB.forwhich
C.thatD.tothat
21.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_____NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhichB.inwhich
C.ofwhichD.fromwhich
22.Guncontrolisasubject_______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhich B.withwhich
C.aboutwhich D.intowhich
2.介词+关系代词代替关系副词，其中介词的选择看先行词的固定搭配
23.Thereason_______hewaslateagainwasthathewascaughtinatrafficjamintherushhour.
A.whichB.inwhich
C.forwhichD.ofwhich
24.Thefootballmatch_______thestudentscompetedyesterdaywasverywonderful.
A.inwhichB.which
C.inthatD.that
3.其他情况，如句子表达的需要，数词+of+关系代词，whose+名词=the名词+ofwhich等
25.Hisglasses,_____hecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.
A.whichB.withoutwhich
C.withwhichD.withoutthose
26.Atlastwefoundtheholeinthewall_____themousegotintothehouselastnight.
A.inwhichB.which
C.throughwhichD.bywhich
27.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthem
C.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
注意复习只能用that的情况（这里不多讲）
Book2Unit2–Unit4被动语态
（一般将来时的被动语态“将被做”willbedone/begoingtobedone，
现在完成时的被动语态“已经被做”have/hasbeendone
正在进行时的被动语态“正在被做”bebeingdone）
1.时态的判断要看上下文的动作关系，有时可以通过句中的时间状语判断
2.主动被动的判断看主语是执行动作，还是承受动作
28.—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?
—Thebridgetoit______.
A.hasrepaired B.isrepaired
C.isbeingrepaired D.willberepaired
29.Itissaidthatanewrobot_____byhiminafewdays.
A.designedB.hasbeendesigned
C.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned
30.---WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?
---Becauselargequantitiesofwater______.
A.havepolluted B.isbeingpolluted
C.hasbeenpolluted D.havebeenpolluted
31.Anewcinema_____here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.
A.willbebuiltB.isbuilt
C.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
32.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_________allovertheword.
A.haveproducedB.havebeenproduced
C.areproducingD.arebeingproduced
33.HesaysthatMr.Zhang_____tothefactorynextweek.
A.issentB.wouldsend
C.wassentD.willbesent
34.—Whatdoyouthinkofstoreshoppinginthefuture?
—Personally,Ithinkitwillexistalongwithhomeshoppingbut___.
A.willneverreplaceB.wouldneverreplace
C.willneverbereplacedD.wouldneverbereplaced
35.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey_____manytimesontheradio.
A.taughtB.havetaught
C.aretaughtD.havebeentaught
Book3Unit1–Unit2情态动词
情态动词的学习，要结合具体的语境，可以借助中文表达帮助理解。
1.猜测的表达must（肯定）may（可能）might（可能弱）can’t（不可能）
2.can表示猜测“可能”时，用于疑问句
注意：
：
：
：
：
：
：
mustn’t禁止
3.注意委婉表达,回答不需要委婉（would-will/won’tcould-can/can’t）
Couldyouhelpme?
Yes,Ican.
4.情态动词+havedone
原本...表示对过去事情的懊悔等
表示对过去事情的猜测：
musthavedone肯定做过
may/mighthavedone可能做过
can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过
5.几种一般疑问句的答语，，，，，，，祈使句回答
MayIdo...?
No,youhadbetternot.
NeedIdo...?
No,youneedn’t.
MustIdo...?
No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.
Remembertolockthedoor.Iwill.
Don’tforgettolockthedoor.Iwon’t.
6.shall用于一，三人称表征询意见
Book3Unit3–Unit5名词性从句
1.名词性从句在句子中充当主语，表语，宾语，同位语等成分，需要有引导词引导（除了宾语从句中一种情况，即句子中第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略，其他都不能省略引导词）
2.首先判断从句类型：
一般看从句的位置
宾语从句：
及物动词或者介词后面
主语从句：
句子开头
表语从句：
系动词（be动词）后面
同位语从句：
具体说明先行词（名词）的具体内容，注意几个常见的名词（news,idea,question,fact等）
其次判断从句缺不缺成分，用不用补充意思：
不缺无意填that不缺补“是否”填whether/if缺成分缺意思看情况，缺什么补什么
36.______thebabycouldspeakafullsentencemadehisparentsveryhappy.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If
37.______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If
38._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
39.Thatwarm-heartedwomanoftenhelps_______isintrouble.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
（Wh-ever表强调）
3.区别同位语从句与定语从句：
定语从句：
先行词可以放回从句中，同位语从句，先行词不能放回从句中，先行词与同位语从句是等同内容。
40.Ican’tacceptthefact________hepassedawaylastyear.
41.Ican’tacceptthefact________hetoldmeyesterday.
4.注意形式主语和形式宾语it，复习句型！
！
！
！
Itisnecessary/important/impossible...that...
Itisapity/ashame...that...
find/think/consider/makeit+adj./n.+宾语从句
42.Hedidn’tmake____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.
A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
43.We thought _____ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
44._______surprisesmemostisthatthestudentscandosomuchhomeworkeveryday.
A.ItB.WhatC.ThatD.Which
45.______isstillunknownwhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.
A.ItB.ThatC.HeD.What
对比：
46.___isknowntoallthatBeijingisthecapitalofChina.
47._____isknowntoallis_____BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
48.______isknowntoall,BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
5.陈述句语序
49.Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
6.注意从句中（should）do的用法
●suggest/advice/insist/request/command...+宾语从句中
●suggestion/require/request/command+同位语从句
●suggestion/require/request/command...is表语从句
●Itisnecessary/important...+真正的主语从句
50.Itissuggestedthatwe________totheparklater.
A.willgoB.wentC.go
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