语法复习04定语从句.docx

语法复习04定语从句.docx

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语法复习04定语从句

语法复习四：

定语从句

（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

1、关系代词：

who,whom,whose,which,that,as

2、关系副词：

when,where,why

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

e.g.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）

ThecomradewithwhomIcameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）

3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：

1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；

2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；

3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；

4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；

5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：

从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.

（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）

2、非限制性定语从句：

从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。

e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.

（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）

（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:

1）that&which:

在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。

1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

Thelastplace（that）wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

Youcantakeany（=whichever）seatthatisfree.

IhopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

 *Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：

1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。

1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?

2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?

⑨主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：

1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.

1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.

2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace（that）itusedtobe.

2）定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry.（which指代主句）

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

1.Letmeshowyouthenovel，thatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

who&that:

who和that指代人时，有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如：

1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

2.Anyonewho（=Whoever）failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

4.Idon'tliketheones（=those）whotalkbig.

5.Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.

②在Therebe结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如：

1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如：

1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

④一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个则宜用who,以免重复.如：

1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.

3）as&which:

as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

①位置的不同：

which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。

如：

1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

②先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

※Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行词是一个词）

 Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.

 Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行词是一个句子）

※Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.

 Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.

③as一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected;aswehaveimagined.

2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。

e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.

住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。

ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.

3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。

e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.

4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。

e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich（=when）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.

6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。

e.g.Theman（whom/who/that）youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.

练习、定语从句

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.

2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.

3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.

4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.

5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.

6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.

7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.

8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.

9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.

10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.

11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.

12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.

13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.

14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.

15.Isthatthewoman?

Herdaughterisinmyclass.

16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.

17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.

18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.

19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.

20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.

二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:

1.Theperson______________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.

2.Thepencil______________hewaswritingbroke.

3.WuDong,______________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

4.Thetwothings______________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.

5.Herbag,______________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.

6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,_____________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.

三、往年高考英语单项选择题：

1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown__________hegrewupasachild.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

2.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,__________personallyIdoubtverymuch.

A.itB.thatC.whenD.which

3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,__________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.

A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what

4.__________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

5.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome__________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.

A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where

6.__________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:

30p.m.,__________manypeoplehavegothome.

A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich

8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose__________intheforest.

A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.theyoncegrewD.oncegrew

9.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,__________ofgreatimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis

10.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,__________ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.

A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which

11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__________wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

12.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why

13.Icanthinkofmanycases__________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

A.whyB.whichC.asD.where

14.Thegentleman__________youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.

A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom

15.Itw