英语阅读.docx
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英语阅读
WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdatingbacktograndma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,andthedresscode
willbeSundaybest.
Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silverelegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware(粗陶)andstainlessinformality,withdressesassuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsand
guests,thechangemeansgreatersimplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.
LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStoke-on-Trent,announcedthatitiseliminating1,000jobs--one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepottery(陶瓷)region.Wedgwoodandotherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.
AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogetherlessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision.
Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Inatimeoflongworkhoursanddemandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,rightly,thatit'sbettertoshareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitfortheperfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.
Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Ironafine-patternedtablecloth?
Forgetit.Polishthesilver?
Whohastime?
Yetthelossofformalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette(礼节)thatchildrenmightoncehavelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents
("Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.")mustbepickedupelse-where.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquetteseminarsforemployeeswhomaybeableprofessionallybutinexperiencedsocially.
72.Whydopeopletendtofollowthetrendtocasualdining?
A.Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.
B.Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.
C.Peopleprefertoliveacomfortablelife.
D.Youngpeoplewon'tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.
73.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat'RoyalDoultonis.
A.asellerofstainlesssteeltableware
B.adealerinstoneware
C.apotterychainstore
D.aproduceroffineChina
74.Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis.
A.theincreasedvalueofthepound
B.theworseningeconomyinAsia
C.thechangeinpeople'swayoflife
D.thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad
75.Formaltablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentSociallife,.A.arestillamustoncertainoccasions
B.arecertaintoreturnsoonerorlater
C.arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathome
D.canhelpimprovepersonalrelationships
2WhenJohnnyCashsings,peoplelisten.Hisbig,deepvoicerumblesoutofradiosandjuke-boxesacrossNorthAmerica.Hisrecordssellbythemillion.Country-musicfanseverywhere,knowhisbighits.Theylovesongslike"HeyPorter","RingofFire",and"FolsomPrisonBlue".
JohnnyCashsingsaboutahundredconcertsayear.Peoplelikewhattheyhear--andwhattheysee,too.Ruggedandbig-shouldered,thesingerstandssix-twowithouthisblackbootson.
He'satwo-hundred-poundpackageofmuscleandtalent.Andthatscar(疤痕)onhischeek?
It's
abullet(子弹)hole,ofcourse!
Inthemindsofmostpeople,JohnnyCashis"MrTough(violent)Guy".He'sanex-drugaddict(上瘾者)whowasonceputinprison.HisgrandmotherwasanIndian.Tokeepfromstarvingheoncehadtoliveonwildrabbitskilledfromfortyfeetawaywithaknife.Somepeoplesayheevenkilledaman.
Infact,mostoftheJohnnyCashstoryisjustthat--astory.True,yearsagohehada"drughabit"forashorttime.He"popped"pills.Butheneverusedheroinorother"hard"drugs.Some-timeshe'dgowildandgetlockedupforafewhours.Butheneverservedaprisonsentence.There'snoIndianbloodinhisveins.He'sbeenakilleronlyinsong.Asforthe"bullethole",
it'sanoldscarleftbyadoctorwhoopenedacyst(囊肿).
PeoplewhoknowJohnnyCashwellsayhe'sa"gentleguy",a"generousguy'--anythingbuta"toughguy".Howdidthestoriesgetstarted?
Someofthem,likethestoryaboutthe"Indiangrandmother",hemadeuplongagotoaddexcitementtohiscareer.Others,likethe"bullethole",simplygotstarted.Nowthere'slittlethesingercandotochangepeople'sminds."They
justwanttobelieveit,"hesays.
56.JohnnyCashisafavoriteofmany.
A.operalovers
B.countrymusicfans
C.hard-rockfans
D.jazzmusiclovers
57.Intruth,JohnnyCash.
A.inventedthe"Indiangrandmother"
B.usedtokillrabbitsforaliving
C.hadabulletholeonhischeek
D.servedalongprisonsentence
58.Inhisprivatelife,JohnnyCashis,.
A.muchwilderthanhelooks
B.muchsmallerthanheisonstage
C.muchtougherthanheisinpublic
D.muchmoregentlethanmostpeoplesuppose
59.Thepassageshowsusthatmanypeoplebelieve.
A.onlywhattheysee
B.whattheyaresureistrue
C.onlywhattheyhear
D.whattheyfindinteresting
3
Dodogsunderstandus?
Becarefulwhatyousayaroundyourdog.Itmightunderstandmorethanyouthink.
AbordercollienamedRicorecognizesthenamesofabout200objects,sayresearchersinGermany.Thedogalsoappearstobeabletolearnnewwordsaseasilyasa3-year-oldchild.Itsword-learningskillsareasgoodasthoseofaparrotorchimpanzee(黑猩猩).
Inoneexperiment,theresearcherstookall200itemsthatRicoissupposedtoknowanddividedtheminto20groupsof10objects.Thentheownertoldthedogtogoandfetchoneoftheitemsandbringitback.Infourtests,Ricogot37outof40commandsright.Asthedogcouldn'tseeanyonetogetclues,thescientistsbelieveRicomustunderstandthemeaningsofcertainwords.
Inanotherexperiment,thescientiststookonetoythatRicohadneverseenbeforeandputitinaroomwithseventoyswhosenamesthedogalreadyknew.TheownerthentoldRicotofetchtheobject,usingawordthedoghadneverheardbefore.
Thecorrectobjectwaschoseninsevenoutofl0tests,suggestingthatthedoghadworked
outtheanswerbyprocessofelimination(排除法).Amonthlater,Ricorememberedhalfofthenewnames,whichisevenmoreimpressive.
Ricoisthoughttobesmarterthantheaveragedog.Foronething,Ricoisabordercollie,abreed(品种)knownforitsmentalabilities.Inaddition,the9-year-olddoghasbeentrainedtofetchtoysbytheirnamessincetheageofninemonths.
It'shardtoknowifalldogsunderstandatleastsomeofthewordswesay.Eveniftheydo,theycan'ttalkback.Still,itwouldn'thurttosweet-talkyourdogeverynowandthen.Youmightjustgetabig,wetkissinreturn!
60.Fromparagraph2weknowthat__.
A.animalsareascleverashumanbeings
B.dogsaresmarterthanparrotsandchimpanzees
C.chimpanzeeshaveverygoodword-learningskills
D.dogshavesimilar'learningabilitiesas3-year-oldchildren
61.Bothexperimentsshowthat.
A.Ricoissmartenoughtogetallcommandsright
B.Ricocanrecognizedifferentthingsincludingtoys
C.Ricohasdevelopedtheabilityoflearningmathematics
D.Ricowon'tforgetthenamesofobjectsoncerecognizingthem
62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Thepurposeoftheexperimentsistoshowthebordercollie'smentalabilities.
B.Ricohasabettermemorypartlybecauseofitsproperearlytraining.
C.Thebordercollieisworld-famousforrecognizingobjects.
D.Ricoisborntounderstanditsowner'scommands.
63.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
A.Totrainyourdog.
B.Totalktoyourdog.
C.Tobefriendlytoyourdog.
D.Tobecarefulwithyourdog.
4
PaynesPrairie(used)
HaveyoueverheardofPaynesPrairie?
ItisoneofthemostimportantnaturalandhistoricalareasinFlorida.PaynesPrairieislocatednearGainesville.Itislarge,21000acres.Thisprotectedlandiscalledapreserve.TheFloridaParkServicemanagethepreserve.
ThePaynesPrairiebasinwasformedwhenlimestonedissolvedandthegroundsettled.Itiscoveredbymarsh(沼泽)andwetprairievegetation.Thereareareasofopenwater.Duringbriefperiodsithasfloodedenoughtobeconsideredalake.Exceptforthat,thebasinhaschangedlittlethroughtime.
ManhaslivedonPaynesPrairieaverylongtime.Helivedthereasfarbackas10000B.C.Atonetime,theSeminoleslivedthere.TheprairieisthoughttohavebeennamedafterKingPayne,aSeminolechief.Duringthelate1600s,thelargestcattleranchinFloridawasonPaynesPrairie.Today,PaynesPrairieispreservedland.ItisoccupiedbyvisitorsandFloridaParkServiceemployees.
WillamBartramvisitedPaynesPraire.Bartramwasthefirstpersonwhoportrayed(described)naturethroughpersonalexperienceaswellasscientificobservation.Helived200yearsago.HevisitedPaynesPrairiein1774.Atthattimehedescribedit.HecalledPaynesPrairiethe"greatAlachuaSavannah."
Mostoftheanimallife,whichBartramdescribed,isstillhere.Alargenumberofsandhillcranes,hawksandwaterfowlarehereinwinter.Theanimaldiversityisincreasedbythepresenceofpineflatwoods,hammock,swampsandponds.
ThePaynesPrairiePreserveStateParkisopenyearround.TheFloridaParkServiceworkshardsothattheparkwillappearasitdidinthepast.Itoffersmanyopportunitiesforrecreation.Attheparkyoucancampandpicnic.Youcanhikeandbike.Youcanboatandfish.Youcanrideonhorsetrails.Andyoucanseelotsofnatureandwildlife.You