六级真题.docx
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六级真题
2008年12月大学英语六级考试真题
一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡1和答题卡2上,将本试卷代号划在答题卡2上。
二、试题册、答题卡1和答题卡2均不得带出考场,考试结束,监考员收卷后考生才可离开。
三、仔细读懂题目的说明。
四、在30分钟内做完答题卡1上的作文题。
30分钟后,考生按指令启封试题册,在接着的15分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题,然后监考员收取答题卡1,考生在答题卡2上完成其余部分的试题。
全部答题时间为125分钟,不得拖延时间。
五、考生必须在答题卡上作答,凡是写在试题册上的答案一律无效。
六、多项选择题每题只能选一个答案;如多选,则该题无分。
选定答案后,用HB-2B浓度的铅笔在相应字母的中部划一横线。
正确方法是:
[A][B][C][D],使用其它符号答题者不给分。
划线要有一定粗度,浓度要盖过字母底色。
七、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密。
若被他人抄袭,一经发现,后果自负。
全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?
.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.大学生的心理健康十分重要
2.因此,学校可以……
3.我们自己应当……
HowToImproveStudent'sMentalHealth?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
SupersizeSurprise
Askanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseit.Yetobesityresearchersareincreasinglydissatisfiedwithit.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.
Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.
1.Notenoughsleep
Itiswidelybelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebody.Couldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?
Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.
It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:
sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.
Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.
2.Climatecontrol
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.
Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.
Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?
Sadly,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
Yourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder…
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:
Mexican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.
IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.Between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-Americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.
6.Maturemums
Mothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforhavingafirstchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfirstbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.
Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitweren’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.
MichaelSymondsattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bornchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbornsaccountforagreatershareofthepopulation.In1964,Britishwomengavebirthtoanaverageof2.95children;by2005thatfigurehadfallento1.79.IntheUSin1976,9.6%ofwomanintheir40shadonlyonechild;in2004itwas17.4%.thiscombinationofoldermothersandmoresinglechildrencouldbecontributingtotheobesityepidemic.
7.Likemarryinglike
Justaspeoplepairoffaccordingtolooks,sotheydoforsize.Leanpeoplearemorelikelytomarryleanandfatmorelikelytomarryfat.Onitsown,likemarryinglikecannotaccountforanyincreaseinobesity.Butcombinedwithothers—particularlythefactthatobesityispartlygenetic,andthatheavierpeoplehavemorechildren—itamplifiestheincreaseformothercauses.
1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A)Effectsofobesityonpeople’shealth
B)Thelinkbetweenlifestyleandobesity
C)Newexplanationsfortheobesityepidemic
D)Possiblewaystocombattheobesityepidemic
2.IntheUSNurse’HealthStudy,womenwhosleptanaverageof7hoursanight_______.
A)gainedtheleastweight
B)wereinclinedtoeatless
C)foundtheirvigorenhanced
D)werelesssusceptibletoillness
3.Thepopularbeliefaboutobesityisthat___________.
A)itmakesussleepy
B)itcausessleeploss
C)itincreasesourappetite
D)itresultsfromlackofsleep
4.Howdoesindoorheatingaffectourlife?
A)itmakesusstayindoorsmore
B)itacceleratesourmetabolicrate
C)itmakesusfeelmoreenergetic
D)itcontributestoourweightgain
5.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheeffectofnicotineonsmokers?
A)itthreatenstheirhealth
B)itheightenstheirspirits
C)itsuppressestheirappetite
D)itslowsdowntheirmetabolism
6.WhoaremostlikelytobeoverweightaccordingtoKatherineFergal’sstudy?
A)heavysmokers
B)passivesmokers
C)thosewhoneversmoke
D)thosewhoquitsmoking
7.AccordingtotheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,theincreasedobesityintheUSisaresultof_______.
A)thegrowingnumberofsmokersamongyoungpeople
B)therisingproportionofminoritiesinitspopulation
C)theincreasingconsumptionofhigh-caloriefoods
D)theimprovinglivingstandardsofthepoorpeople
8.AccordingtotheUSNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thereasonwhyoldermothers’childrentendtobeobeseremains__________.
9.AccordingtoMichaelSymonds,one