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Book4Unit1docx
基础知识默写(学生用书239~242页)
[默写
(一)]
1.advertisingn.做广告;广告活动;广告业→advertisev.做广告,宣传→advertisementn.广告;广告宣传→advertisern.广告商
2.persuadevt.说服,劝说;使信服→persuasionn.说服,劝说→persuasiveadj.有说服力的
3.cheatvt.&vi.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈行为
4.foolvt.欺骗,愚弄n.傻瓜adj.愚蠢的;傻的
5.curevt.治愈;解决n.药物,疗法;对策
6.commentn.评论,评价vi.评论,议论
7.aimvt.&vi.以……为目标;瞄准n.目的,目标
8.benefitvt.&vi.使收益;得益于n.益处;救济金;奖金→beneficialadj.有益处的,有帮助的
9.promotevt.推广,宣传;促销;促进,推动→promotionn.推广;促进;提升
10.consultvt.咨询;请教;查阅vi.商议;商量
11.recommendvt.推荐;建议,劝告;介绍→recommendationn.推荐;建议
12.amazedadj.大为惊奇的→amazevt.使惊奇
13.designvt.&n.设计→designern.设计者,设计师
14.updatevt.&n.更新;提供最新信息;使现代化
15.aspectn.方面;层面
16.determinevt.确定,查明;决定;裁决→determinedadj.坚决的;有决心的→determinationn.决心
17.urgevt.敦促,力劝;竭力主张n.强烈的欲望,冲动
18.shockvt.使震惊,使惊愕n.震惊,惊愕
19.appealvi.有吸引力;呼吁,恳请n.吸引力;呼吁,恳求→appealingadj.有吸引力的
20.reactvi.做出反应,回应→reactionn.反应,回应
21.innocentadj.清白的,无罪的;无恶意的;纯真的→innocencen.清白,无罪;纯真
22.mentaladj.心理的;思想的,精神的;智力的→mentallyadv.精神上;智力上
23.skilfuladj.有技巧的;熟练的
24.median.大众传播媒介,大众传播工具
25.nationwideadj.&adv.全国范围的(地),全国性的(地)
26.trickn.骗局;玩笑,恶作剧;戏法,把戏;诀窍vt.欺骗,欺诈
27.intelligencen.智力,才智;情报→intelligentadj.有才智的,聪明的
28.purchasevt.购买,采购n.采购;购买的东西
29.tipn.建议,提示;顶端,末梢;小费vt.&vi.(使)倾斜,倾覆;给小费
30.multiplyvi.&vt.成倍增加,迅速增加;乘,乘以
[默写
(二)]
1.forfree免费
2.bemeantto旨在,目的是;打算
3.evenif/though虽然,即使
4.fallfor上……的当,受……的骗
5.playtrickson欺骗;捉弄
6.dealwith涉及,关于;处理,应付
7.figureout弄清楚,弄懂;计算出
8.appealto吸引,引起兴趣;呼吁
9.beconcernedwith对……关心
10.getsomethingacross把……表达清楚
11.discouragesb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事
12.diefrom死于……
13.makegooduseof充分利用
14.foolsb.intodoingsth.欺骗某人做某事
15.inadvance提前
16.beawareof知道;意识到
17.shocksb.intodoingsth.警醒某人做某事
18.bargainwithsb.aboutsth.就某物和某人讲价
19.Wearesousedtothemthatweoftendonotevenrealizehowmanyweseeandhearinaday.
我们如此习惯它们的存在以至于我们都没有意识到一天究竟看了和听了多少广告。
20.Notalladsplaytricksonusthough.
但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。
21.Whenitcomestoadvertisements,wemustalluseourintelligenceandnotbeaslavetothem!
谈及广告,我们都必须运用自己的智慧,不要做广告的奴隶!
22.TheinformationIfoundhasreallyhelpedmeeducateothersinthewaysinwhichcompaniespromotetheirproducts.
我找到的信息对我教导别人真的很有帮助,许多公司也用这种方式推广他们的产品。
23.Evenif/thoughanaddoesnotlie,itdoesnotmeanitisaltogetherinnocent.
即使一则广告没有撒谎,也不意味着它是完全“清白”的。
24.Thatiswhyweareconsideringdesigninganewpackageforourchocolatebaraswell.
那就是我们考虑给我们生产的巧克力棒也设计新包装的原因。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Afterthefilm,eachclassissupposedtohaveadiscussionandallthestudentsarewelcometomakecomments(评论)andexpresstheirviewsaboutthefilm.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspect(方面)ofschoollife.(2017·北京)
3.Itisnotjustalittletrick(把戏)youcanpickupinhalfanhour.
4.Snacksoutsideofmealtimesmaybepurchased(购买)bythestudentindividually.(2016·天津)
5.IalsohadtheopportunityofbeingstuckinaBeijingthunderstorm,bargaining(讨价还价)inthemarket,andridingthehighspeedtrain.
6.Moreover,moviesareveryusefulforstrengtheningpeople’smental(精神的)health.
(2018·全国名校联盟模拟)
7.Sheisdetermined(determine)tocarryonwithhereducation.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
8.Thoughintelligenceplaysanimportantroleinachievingsuccess,intelligentpeopledon’talwayshaveanedgeoverthosewhoworkhard.(intelligence)
9.Theyaremostappealing(appeal)toyouthsfrom20countriesparticipatingintheBeltandRoadInitiative.(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)
10.Imadefriendswiththenatives,andtheirreaction(react)amazedme.
11.I’vefinishedtheapplicationformandpersonal(person)resume.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
12.Itwasamazing(amaze)tolookatpeople’sfaces,especiallythoseofchildren.Itmademefeelgladforbeingthere.
13.Themosturgent(urge)thinginafireistomakesureeveryoneisoutofthebuilding.
14.Thisprogramisbeneficial(benefit)tothechildrenwhocan’tgotoschoolduetotheirpoverty.
15.Istillremembervisitingafriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshocked(shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.(2018·浙江)
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Manypeoplesmokealot1.eventhoughtheyknowtheharmsmokingdoestotheirhealth.2.Meanttopersuademorepeopletogiveupsmoking,manyantismokingcampaignsarestarted.Manyvolunteerstryto3.getitacrosstopeoplethatwhattheycandoisto4.appealtopeoplenottobe5.aslavetotobacco.Otherwise,theymay6.diefromdiseasesrelatedtosmoking.
Ourclass7.didsomeresearchonstudents’usingmobilephonesseveraldaysago,andallofus8.wereamazedatthefactthatsomanystudentsplayedgamesoncellphones.We9.weresoconcernedaboutitthatwedeterminedtolaunchacampaignto10.dealwiththisproblem.Wethoughtitwasnecessarytosolveit11.inadvancebeforeitgotworse.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.IwassobusyatthattimethatIdidn’tgotosleepforthreedays.(so...that...)
那时我很忙,以至于三天没睡觉。
2.Noonematcheshimwhenitcomestoswimming.(cometo)
谈到游泳,没有人比得过他。
3.Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingaboutwhattododuringtheholiday.(疑问词+todo)
暑假就要来了,我和同学们正在讨论假期做什么。
4.Weweresurprisedattheway(inwhich/that)shetreatedhermother.(theway)
我们为她对待她母亲的方式感到惊讶。
1.“欺骗”有多种
(1)cheat
(2)fool
(3)deceive
(4)lietosb.
2.这些单词“吸引人”
(1)attractive
(2)charming
(3)eyecatching
(4)absorbing
(5)fascinating
(6)appealing
3.“v.+sb.+intodoingsth.”大集合
(1)persuade/reason/talk/arguesb.intodoing...说服某人做……
(2)cheat/trick/foolsb.intodoing...欺骗某人做……
(3)forcesb.intodoing...迫使某人做……
(4)terrify/frighten/panicsb.intodoing...威胁/吓唬某人做……
4.for短语大团圆
(1)forsale出售
(2)forfree免费
(3)forshort简称
(4)forsure肯定地
(5)forfun开玩笑地
persuadevt.说服;劝说;使信服;使相信
(1)persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做某事
persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事
persuadesb.ofsth./that...使某人相信……
(2)persuasionn.劝说,说服(力)
(1)Itwashardtopersuadehimtogiveup/intogivingup/outofsmoking.说服他戒烟很难。
(2)Theywerepersuadedthatwewouldaccepttheinvitationwithouthesitation.
他们相信我们会毫不犹豫地接受邀请。
(3)[同义句改写] Hetriedtopersuademetoaccepthisidea,butinvain.
→Headvisedmetoaccepthisidea,butinvain.
[联想发散] 表示“试图说服某人做某事(结果不一定说服成功)”的表达形式:
trytopersuadesb.todosth.;advisesb.todosth.。
advertisevt.&vi.做广告;宣传
(1)advertiseoneself自吹自擂
beadvertisedas...被宣传为……
(2)advertisementn.广告
advertisingn.广告宣传;广告业
(1)Nooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.
没有人确切知道广告业从何时开始的。
(2)Theinnisadvertisedasbeingfromtheearly16thcentury.
这家小旅馆被宣传为自16世纪早期就有了。
(3)Weadvertisedforpeoplewhohadexperiencetodothejob.
我们登广告征求有经验的人来做这项工作。
易错点拨 advertisesth.指为某物做广告,即登广告宣传某物;advertiseforsb./sth.指登广告征求或寻求……,for表目的。
cheatv.欺骗;作弊;舞弊
n.欺诈行为;骗子
cheatsb.(out)ofsth.骗取某人某物
cheatsb.intodoing...欺骗某人做……
(1)Twoyoungmencheatedtheoldladyofhernecklaceandthengotaway.
两个年轻人骗走了老太太的项链,然后逃走了。
(2)Hecheatedmeintobelievingthathewasrich.
他骗我相信他很有钱。
易错点拨 cheat用作及物动词表示“欺骗”时,其宾语通常是人而不能是物,且不能接双宾语,要表示“骗取某人的某物”,通常用cheatsb.(out)ofsth.。
foolvt.欺骗;愚弄
n.傻瓜
adj.愚蠢的,傻的
(1)foolsb.intodoingsth.欺骗某人做某事
(2)makeafoolofsb.愚弄某人
(3)foolishadj.愚蠢的;可笑的
(1)IwassofoolishthatIbelievedhim.
我竟然相信了他,真够傻的。
(2)Timwasfooledintobelievingthathe’dwonalotofmoney.蒂姆受骗上当,以为他赢了很多钱。
(3)Can’tyouseeshe’smakingafoolofyou?
难道你不明白她是在愚弄你吗?
[句式升级]
(4)Shewasfoolishtosaysuchathing.(用it作形式主语改写)
Itwasfoolishofhertosaysuchathing.
curev.治愈;治好;矫正,改正;解决
n.治疗;疗程;对策
(1)curesb.of...治愈某人的……;矫正某人的……
(2)acurefor...针对……的治疗
(1)Thedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.
(2)Therewasonceaguywhosufferedfromcancer,whichcan’tbecured(cure).
(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨六中二模)
(3)Theauthor’smothertoldhimtoborrowabookinordertohelpcurehimof(克服)hisreadingproblem.
[词义辨析] cure,treat
※cure表示“治愈”,宾语既可以是人,也可以是疾病,有时也表示“矫正;革除”。
※treat表示“治疗”时,多接人作宾语,强调“治疗”这一动作,并不说明是否治愈。
[根据语境用cure,treat的正确形式填空]
(4)Thedoctorwastreatingthegirlwhosufferedfromcancer.
(5)Whowasitthatcuredtheoldprofessorofhiscancer?
commentn.议论,评论;解释;批评
v.表达意见;作出评论
(1)commenton/upon对……作出评论
(2)makeacomment/commentson/about对……作出评论
nocomment无可奉告
[一句多译]
我觉得我不能对他们的决定发表评论。
(1)Idon’tfeelIcancommenton/upontheirdecision.(commentv.)
(2)Idon’tfeelIcanmakeacomment/commentson/abouttheirdecision.(commentn.)
易错点拨 comment用作及物动词时,其宾语通常只能是that从句,一般不能是名词或代词,若语义上需要接名词或代词作宾语,则通常用commenton/uponsth.结构。
trickn.诡计;骗局;恶作剧;戏弄;诀窍
v.欺骗
(1)playatrick/trickson/uponsb.欺骗某人;捉弄某人
thetrickofdoingsth.做某事的诀窍
(2)tricksb.into(doing)sth.诱使/欺骗某人(做)某事
tricksb.outofsth.骗走/诈骗某人某物
(1)Itiswrongtoplaytrickson/uponthepeoplewithdisability.
(2)Themantrickedthelittleboyoutofthemoneyheheldinhishand.
(3)Hetrickedmeintobelievingthathewassomebodyfamous.
(4)Hepretendedtobeill,butitwasjustatrick.
aimn.目标;目的
vt.&vi.瞄准;(向某方向)努力;对准;目的在于
(1)takeaimat瞄准……
withtheaimof有……的目的
(2)aimat瞄准;目的在于
aimtodo.../atdoing...旨在做……
beaimedat目的是;旨在
(3)aimlessadj.无目的的
(1)Idon’tknowatwhomtheMinister’sremarkswereaimed,butheoughtnottosaysuchthings.
(2)TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimstohelp(help)promotefullyautomaticdriving.(2017·天津)
(3)Theindustryhasalsotakenaimat(瞄准)theproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:
reusableshoppingbags.(2018·浙江)
(4)Janemovedaimlessly(漫无目的地)downthetreelinedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.(2017·北京)
[句式升级]
(5)Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking,whichisverypopular.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Aimedatimprovingthestudents’abilityoflisteningandspeaking,thisactivityisverypopular.