综合类职称英语教材新增文章篇目答案及译文.docx

综合类职称英语教材新增文章篇目答案及译文.docx

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综合类职称英语教材新增文章篇目答案及译文

二0一一年职称英语综合类新增文章篇目阅读理解新增文章篇目

C级（2011新增）第八篇TheStateofMarriageTodayC级

*第三十一篇PoolWatch

*第三十二篇TheCherokeeNation

*第三十三篇ARideinaCable-car

*第三十四篇（10新增）CareerWithaUniform

*第三十五篇（10新增）DormFoodMoreComfy

*第三十六篇ATaleofScottishRuralLife

*第三十七篇WhoWantstoLiveForever?

*第三十八篇ImmigrationandProblems（2011新增）ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeople

*第三十九篇EattoLive

*第四十篇NewUSPlanforDiseasePrevention

+第四十一篇TheOperationofInternationalAirlines

+第四十二篇Sauna

+第四十三篇CanBuildingsBeDesignedtoResistTerroristAttack?

+第四十四篇（10新增）AmericansGetTouchy

+第四十五篇（10新增）WomenStayinginMini-SkirtsforLonger

+第四十六篇DefendingtheTheoryofEvolutionStillSeemsNeeded

+第四十七篇TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight（2011新增）SpoiltforChoice多不胜选

+第四十八篇FindingEnlightenmentinScotland

+第四十九篇TheBeginningofAmericanLiterature

+第五十篇OlderVolcanicEruptions

第八篇TheStateofMarriageTodayC级

Istheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?

Duringthepast50years，therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded：

almost50％ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse．Ifthistrendcontinues．itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily，accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation．Somefuturistspredictthatinl00years．theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimes．andextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow．

Butwhatarethereasonsforthis，andisthepicturereallysogloomy?

Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple：

marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas．Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed．Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome．Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell—payingjobs，thisisnolongerthecase，sotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage．

Inanswertothesecondquestion，theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems．Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen，therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch，somarriageisstillquitepopular．Inadditiontothis．manycouplesnowcohabitanddon’tbothertomarry．Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried，buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics．Infact．morethan50％Offirstmarriagessurvive．Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages．

Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?

Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t．Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople：

theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences，suchasheartproblems，andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts．Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!

练习：

1．WhichistrueabouttheproblemofmarriageintheUnitedStatestoday?

A）Divorceleadstothebreakupofthefamily．

B）Halfofthemarriedcouplesgetdivorced：

C）Americanpeoplemarrymorethanfourtimes．

D）Moreandmorepeoplearegettingdivorced．

2．Whatdoes“thisisnolongerthecase”inparagraphtwomean?

A）Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore．

B）Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger．

C）Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore．

D）Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow．

3．Whymaytheoutlookofmarriagenotbeasgloomyasitappears?

A）Manypeoplestillliketogetmarried．

B）Therateofdivorcehasactuallydecreased．

C）Over50％ofthemarriagescontinuetoexist．

D）Thestatisticsofdivorceisnotquitetrue。

4．Howdopeopleusuallyfeelintheirmarriagelife?

A）Theyaremuchhealthier．

B）Theyfeelnolongersingle．

C）Theyaremoresatisfied．

D）Theysufferalotless．

5．WhichofthefollowingaboutmarriageisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A）Therewillbemorerelationshipsoutsidemarriage．

B）Manypeopletrytogetmarriedagainafterdivorce．

C）Marriagehaslongbeenpartlyaneconomicalneed．

D）Itisafactthatmostpeoplechoosetogetmarried．

词汇：

Divorcen．离婚

Evidencen．证据，迹象

Futuristn．未来主义者

Explodev．激增，迅速扩大

Predictv．预言，预料，预报

Extramaritaladj．婚外的

Gloomyadj．阴暗的；令人沮丧的

Institutionn．制度，习俗

Outlookn．展望，前景

Pessimisticadj．悲观的

Cohabitv．同居

Effectivelyad．实际上

Statisticsn．统计，统计资料

Deceptiveadj．迷惑的，骗人的

Outdatedadj．旧式的，过时的

Indicatev．表明，暗示

Consequencen．结果，后果

Contentedadj．满足的，满意的

Counterpartn．对应的人（或物）

注释：

NationalFamilyAssociation：

美国国家家庭联合会

*第三十八篇ExcessiveDemandsonYoungPeopleB级

Beingabletomultitaskishailedbymostpeopleasawelcomeskill，butnotaccordingtoarecentstudywhichclaimsthatyoungpeoplebetweentheagesofeightandeighteenoftheso-calledGenerationM1arespendingaconsiderableamountoftheirtimeinfruitlesseffortsastheymultitask.Itarguesthat,infact,theseyoungpeoplearefritteringawayasmuchashalfoftheirtimeagainastheywouldiftheyperformedtheverysametasksoneaftertheother.

Someyoungpeoplearejugglinganeverlargernumberofelectronicdevicesastheystudy.Atthesametimethattheyareworking,youngadultsarealsosurfingontheInternet,orsendingoutemailstotheirfriends,and／oransweringthetelephoneandlisteningtomusicontheiriPods2

orOnanothercomputer.Assomenewdevicecomesalongittooisaddedtothelistratherthanreplacingoneoftheexistingdevices.

Otherresearchhasindicatedthatthismultitaskingisevenaffectingthewayfamiliesthemselvesfunctionasyoungpeoplearetoowrappedup3intheirownisolatedworldstointeractwiththeotherpeoplearoundthem.Theycannolongergreetfamilymemberswhentheyenterthehousenorcantheyeatatthefamilytable.

Allthiselectronicwizardryissupposedlyalsoseriouslyaffectingyoungpeople'sperformanceatuniversityandintheworkplace.Whenaskedabouttheirperceptionoftheimpactofmoderngadgetsontheirperformanceoftasks,theoverwhelmingmajorityofyoungpeoplegaveafavourableresponse.

Theresponsefromtheacademicandbusinessworldswasnotquiteaspositive.Theformerfeelthatmultitaskingwithelectronicgadgetsbychildrenaffectslaterdevelopmentofstudyskills,resultinginadeclineinthequalityofwriting,forexample,becauseofthelackofconcentrationontaskcompletion.Theyfeelthatmanyundergraduatesnowurgentlyneedremedialhelpwithstudyskills.Similarly,employersfeelthatyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforceneedtobetaughtalloveragain,astheyhavebecomedeskilled.

Whileallthismaybetrue,itmustbeborneinmind4thatmoreandmoreisexpectedofyoungpeoplenowadays;infact,toomuch.Praiseratherthancriticismisdueinrespectof5thewaytoday'syouthareabletocopedespitewhattheoldergenerationthrowatthem．

练习：

1．Accordingtoarecentstudy,whatisprobablytrueaboutthemultitaskingGenerationM?

A）Theyarehighlycommendedforbeingsoeffectiveandefficient．

B）Theywastemoretimethantheyshouldsave,contrarytocommonassumptions．

C）Theyshouldprioritizeandfocusonthemostimportanttasksonhand．

D）TheyneedtoimprovetheirorganizationalskillsSOastocompletealltheirtasks．

2．Withtheadventofnewgadgets,whatwillhappentoGenerationM'spresente-devices?

A）Theymakewayforthelatestandgreatestandareretiredbytheyoungpeople．

B）Theyareputawaytemporarilybutstayinrotationfortheirownerstochoosefrom．

C）Theybecomepartoftheeverincreasingcollectionofnovelties．

D）Theyareeithersoldortradedsothattheirownerscanupdatetheirtoysandhobbies．

3．HowwillmultitaskingaffectGenerationMadversely?

A）Itmakesthemfeellonelyandpitiful.

B）Itmakesthemaloofandelusivetofamilyandfriends.

C）Itmakesthemselfishandpossessive．

D）Itmakesthemimpoliteandungrateful．

4．Whatisthebiggestproblemformultitaskingundergraduatesinuniversities?

A）Theyshouldadjusttheiracademicattitudesseriously.

B）Theyshouldseekpsychologicalprofessionalsforassistance.

C）Theyshouldtakesomecrashcoursestocatchupwiththeirclassmates.

D）Theyshouldtryhardertofocusononetaskbeforemovingontothenext.

5．Indealingwithtoday'syouth,whatapproachshouldparentstake?

A）Besupportiveandunderstanding.

B）Berealisticandlowertheirexpectations.

C）Beencouragingandlettheirchildrensticktotheiroldhabits.

D）Bepatientandhopeeverythingwillworkoutjustfineeventually.

词汇：

excessiveadj．过多的，额外

interactvi．交流，沟通，互动

multitaskvi．同时进行多个任务

wizardryn．魔力，法术

supposedlyadv．据认为，据推测

hailvt．赞扬

performancen．表现，行为

claimvt．声称，主张

perceptionn．认识，看法，见解

considerableadj.相当大的，相当多的

impactn.影响，作用

gadgetn.小巧的机械装置

frittervt.消费，浪费

overwhelmingadj.压倒性的

jugglevt.耍弄，玩耍

majorityn.大多数

electronicdevicen.电子装置，电子仪器

academicadj.学术的，学校的

declinen.下降，衰退

surfvi.（网上）冲浪，漫游，浏览

concentrationn.专心，专注

indicatevt.表明，指出

remedialadj.补习的，补救的

affectvt.影响

deskilledadj.逐渐失去技能的

isolatedadj.鼓励的，与世隔绝的

dueadj.应有的，适当的

注释：

1.GenerationM：

M代表multimedia。

GenerationM即“多媒体时代”，是指伴随着计算机和因特网的普及而成长起来的一代年轻人。

他们多出生于1980年之后，热衷于计算机、因特网、视频游戏、智能手机。

这些新媒体和传统媒体如电视、印刷品、音响制品结合起来，使得他们的世界异常丰富多彩。

“多媒体时代”的另一特征就是可以multitask，即多项任务同时进行，如他们可以_边上网冲浪、一边听着音乐、一边看着电视里的MTV、一边和朋友短信聊天、同时还做着自己的家庭作业。

2．iPod：

美国苹果公司的一款音乐播放器，除了可以播放MP3音乐外，iPod还可以作为高速移动硬盘使用，可以显示联系人、日历和任务，以及阅读电子书和聆听有声电子书以及播客（Podcasts）。

3．bewrappedupin．．．注意力完全集中于……

4．bearinmind记住

5．inrespectof关于，就……而言

+第四十七篇SpoiltforChoiceA级

Choice,wearegivento1believe,isaright.Indailylife,peoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsabout