1998英语专四语法重点解释.docx
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1998英语专四语法重点解释
时态
1.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe_______impossibletocomprehend.
A.hasfoundB.wasfindingC.hadfoundD.wouldfind
间接引语中时态的一致
2.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe_______impossibletocomprehend.
A.hadfoundB.findsC.hasfoundD.wouldfind
3.Lindawas______theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.
A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting
tobetodo=tobegoingtowastodosomething过去的计划
tobetohavedone计划了，未做wastohavedone…计划了，未做
4.Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenI____thejourneyinexactlytwodays.
A.mustmakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmake
could=abilitybeabletodo=reality
5.Jack____fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.
A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissed
C.hadbeenmissingD.wasmissed
missing=丢失lostmissed=错过
6.Jameshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe____untilyesterday.
A.willcomeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.came
hasjustarrived说明yesterday是处于becoming的状态。
7.______consciousofmymoralobligationsasacitizen.
A.IwasandalwayswillbeB.Ihavetobeandalwayswillbe
C.IhadbeenandalwayswillbeD.Ihavebeenandalwayswillbe
过去_现在_与__将来_________断______开始_________
havebeen与willbe是相连的时间。
waswillhavetobe/will
8.TheMinisterofFinanceisbelieved______ofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.
A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinking
C.thatheistothinkD.tothink
tobebelievedtodo（据信要干什么）
tobebelievedtohavedone（据信干了什么）
tobeknowntohavedone
tothinkofsomething想到什么
tobethinkingofdoing考虑什么，打算干什么
9.Thecommitteehasanticipatedtheproblemsthat______intheroadconstructionproject.
A.ariseB.willariseC.aroseD.havearisen
anticipated预见未来工程中的问题，没有开工中的问题用将来时。
10.Forsometimenow,worldleaders_______outthenecessityforagreementonarmsreduction.
A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointed
进行时表示动作持续了一段时间，now决定了现在进行时
11.You______Jimanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.
A.needn’thavetoldB.needn’ttellC.mustn’thavetoldD.mustn’ttell
needn’thavedone本来不必做而做了
12.You____Markanything.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.
[A]needn’thavetold[B]needn'ttel[C]mustn'thavetold[D]mustn'ttell
主谓一致
1.Itisfutiletodiscussthematterfurther,because____goingtoagreeuponanythingtoday.
A.neitheryounorIareB.neitheryounormeis
C.neitheryounorIamD.neithermenoryouare
逻辑上的单复数
Tenmilesisnothingtous.
Tenmilesareaheadofus.
就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
a）当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk..
Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.
b）当either…or…与neither…nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的
主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Eitheryouorsheistogo.
Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.
单复数
1.AllthePresident'sMen______oneoftheimportantbooksforhistorianswhostudytheWatergateScandal.
A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.isremaining
书名
2.Thestatistics______thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.
A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove
statistics数字statistics统计学
3.Mr.Wells,togetherwithallthemembersofhisfamily,______forEuropethisafternoon.
A.aretoleaveB.areleavingC.isleavingD.leave
togetherwith,aswellas的插入。
4._______ofthetwinswasarrested,becauseIsawbothatapartylastnight.
A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.All
情态动词
1.“You____borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,”Itoldmyfriend.
A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can
provided条件从句=if,从句中为一般现在时，判定主句也是一般现在时can。
Could也可以用于表示客气的语气，但不用在条件句中。
2.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone______anopportunitytohearthespeech.
A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave
sothat引导的状语从句中，主句是过去时，
从句中用过去时might/could/should。
3.Iamsurprised______thiscityisadullplacetolivein.
A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinking
C.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking
shoulddo表示惊讶，奇怪，欢欣等。
Itisstrangethatheshouldwinthegame.
Hewasdisappointedthatsheshouldloveaboythreeyearsyoungerthanshe.
amazingstrangeoddridiculoussurprisingunthinkable
在forfearthat（以备）/incase（lest）后谓语用should+do
虚拟语气
非真实条件句主句
were/had/didwould现在时
someonehaddonewouldhavedone过去时
Hadsomeonedone
weretodowould将来时
shoulddo
Werehetodo…
Shouldhedo…
couldhavedonewouldhavedonemighthavedoneshouldhavedone
均用于本应发生而未发生的状况
1.He___unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.
A.mayhaveactedB.musthaveactedC.shouldactD.wouldact
2.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.
A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were
3.______ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?
A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.Wereyousurprised
C.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised
4.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she____muchbetterresultsnow.
A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegot
C.mustgetD.wouldget
5.Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe______toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.
A.hadhadB.hasC.hadD.wouldhave
6.______ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?
A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.Wereyousurprised
C.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised
7.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.
A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe
条件句中的倒装
1._______forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.
A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeen
C.WasitnotD.Wereitnot
2.______you______furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.
A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had
Should…do,pleasecontact…这是经常用于行政与商务公文中的用语。
3.Ifyourcar____anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.
[A]shallneed[B]shouldneed[C]wouldneed[D]willneed
Beherichorpoor
4.______I'llmarryhimallthesame.
A.WasherichorpoorB.Whetherrichorpoor
C.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor
Ifonly但愿，表示愿望，用虚拟语气（时态上的向过去推移）
5.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.
A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving
6.IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!
A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might
Itistimewewent.该干什么
Itistimewewent.该干什么
It’shightime…someonedid
It’sabouttime…someonedid
7.It'shightimewe______cuttingdowntherainforests.
A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop
8.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?
”
“Idon’tknow.Butitsabouttime______onsomething.”
A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding
9.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong.It’sabouttimeyou___
abletowritelettersinEnglish.
A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are
thefirsttimesomeone…不属于这种结构
10.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit'shightimewe_____strongactionsagainsthim.
A.betrayed...takeB.hadbetrayed...took
C.hasbetrayed...tookD.hasbetrayed...take
that从句中的动词
文书用语
Adj.
Itisimportantthatsomething（be/do动词原型美语）（shouldbe/shoulddo英语）
essentialnecessaryimperativepossibleimpossibleurgentadvisable
Verb
advisedemandaskorderrequireurgerecommendsuggestinsist
Noun
advicearrangementdecisionordersuggestionrecommendation
1.Itwassuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould______informationontheirfinancialinterests.
A.discoverB.uncoverC.tellD.disclose
2.Itisimperativethatstudents______theirtermpapersontime.
A.handinB.wouldhandin
C.havetohandinD.handedin
3.Itisimperativethatthegovernment______moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.
A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto
4.Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion.Itisessential_____forthat.
A.forustobepreparedB.thatweareprepared
C.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingprepared
推测句Probability
musthavedone肯定的推测句（过去时）mustbedoing（现在时）
couldn’thavedone否定的推测句can’tbedoing
1.She______fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.
A.mustbeB.hadbeenC.couldbeD.musthavebeen
2.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?
A.Youmustleaveimmediately.
B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.
C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.
D.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmentontime.
独立主格
主语+doing/done,（没有助动词），从句与主句中的主语不一致。
独立主格一般在日常生活语言中不使用。
它过于书面化。
名词（代词）+现在分词、过去分词；
1.Agricultureisthecountry'schiefsourceofwealth,wheat____byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.
A.isB.beenC.beD.being
2.Time____,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.
A.permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permits
Workdone,workerswereallgone.
Leghurt,Icouldn’tgooutthesedays.
非谓语动词–分词
逻辑主语与从句中动词的主动与被动的关系。
1.______atinhisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodesperate.
A.LookingB.LookedC.BeinglookedD.Tolook
2.Ifnot______withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.
A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentr
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