1998英语专四语法重点解释.docx

1、1998英语专四语法重点解释时态1. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. A. has found B. was finding C. had found D. would find间接引语中时态的一致2. The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend. A. had found B. finds C. has found D. would

2、find3. Linda was _ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been startingto be to do = to be going to was to do something 过去的计划to be to have done 计划了，未做 was to have done 计划了，未做4. I went there in 1984, and that

3、 was the only occasion when I _ the journey in exactly two days.A. must make B. must have made C. was able to make D. could makecould = ability be able to do = reality5. Jack _ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A. has been missing B. has been missedC. had been

4、missing D. was missedmissing = 丢失 lost missed = 错过6. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he _ until yesterday.A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. camehas just arrived 说明 yesterday 是处于be coming 的状态。7. _ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will be B. I

5、have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be过去_现在_与_将来_ _ 断 _ 开始_ have been 与 will be是相连的时间。 was will have to be/will8. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. t

6、hat he is to think D. to think to be believed to do (据信要干什么)to be believed to have done (据信干了什么)to be known to have done to think of something 想到什么to be thinking of doing 考虑什么，打算干什么9. The committee has anticipated the problems that _ in the road construction project.A. arise B. will arise C. arose D

7、. have arisen anticipated 预见未来工程中的问题，没有开工中的问题用将来时。10. For some time now, world leaders _ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed 进行时表示动作持续了一段时间， now决定了现在进行时11. You _ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. A

8、. neednt have told B. neednt tell C. mustnt have told D. mustnt tell neednt have done 本来不必做而做了12. You _ Mark anything. It was none of his business. A neednt have told B neednt tel C mustnt have told D mustnt tell主谓一致1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _ going to agree upon anythin

9、g today.A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are 逻辑上的单复数Ten miles is nothing to us. Ten miles are ahead of us.就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，a) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are

10、 twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.b）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.单复数1. All the Presidents Men _ one of the important books f

11、or historians who study the Watergate Scandal. A. remain B. remains C. remained D. is remaining 书名2. The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. provestatistics 数字 statistics 统计学3. Mr. Wells, together with al

12、l the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon. A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave together with, as well as 的插入。4. _ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All情态动词1. “You _ borrow my notes provided you take care

13、 of them,” I told my friend. A. could B. should C. must D. canprovided 条件从句 = if, 从句中为一般现在时，判定主句也是一般现在时can。Could也可以用于表示客气的语气，但不用在条件句中。2. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone _ an opportunity to hear the speech. A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should haveso that 引导的状语从句中，

14、主句是过去时，从句中用过去时 might / could /should。3. I am surprised _ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinkingshould do 表示惊讶，奇怪，欢欣等。It is strange that he should win the game.He was disappointed that she should

15、 love a boy three years younger than she.amazing strange odd ridiculous surprising unthinkable 在 for fear that (以备) / in case ( lest) 后谓语用 should + do 虚拟语气非真实条件句 主句 were / had / did would 现在时 someone had done would have done 过去时 Had someone done were to do would 将来时 should do Were he to do Should he

16、 do could have done would have done might have done should have done均用于本应发生而未发生的状况1. He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act 2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much be

17、tter than I can.A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were3. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised4. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much bette

18、r results now.A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get5. He would have finished his college education, but he _ to quit and find a job to support his family. A. had had B. has C. had D. would have6. _ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A. Would you

19、be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised7. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be 条件句中的倒装1. _ for the fact that she broke her leg, she migh

20、t have passed the exam.A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it beenC. Was it not D. Were it not2. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had Should do, please contact 这是经常用于行政与商务公文中的用语。3. If your car _any attention during

21、 the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. A shall need B should need C would need D will need Be he rich or poor 4. _ Ill marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poorIf only 但愿，表示愿望，用虚拟语气 （时态上的向过去推移）5. If only the pa

22、tient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving6. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!A. would B. could C. should D. mightIt is time we went. 该干什么It is time we went. 该干什么Its high time

23、someone didIts about time someone did7. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop8. “ What courses are you going to do next semester?”“ I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”A. Id decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding9. If you

24、have really been studying English for so long. Its about time you _ able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D . are the first time someone 不属于这种结构10. That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.A. betrayed. . take B. had betray

25、ed. . . took C. has betrayed. took D. has betrayed. takethat 从句中的动词文书用语Adj.It is important that something ( be / do 动词原型 美语) (should be / should do英语)essential necessary imperative possible impossible urgent advisableVerbadvise demand ask order require urge recommend suggest insistNounadvice arrange

26、ment decision order suggestion recommendation 1. It was suggested that all government ministers should _ information on their financial interests. A. discover B. uncover C. tell D. disclose2. It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D

27、. handed in3. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to4. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _ for that.A. for us to be prepared B. that we are preparedC. of us to be prepared D. our

28、 being prepared 推测句 Probabilitymust have done 肯定的推测句 （过去时） must be doing （现在时）couldnt have done 否定的推测句 cant be doing1. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must be B. had been C. could be D. must have been2. Which of the following sentences expresses probability?A. You must le

29、ave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight oclock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.独立主格 主语 + doing / done, （没有助动词），从句与主句中的主语不一致。独立主格一般在日常生活语言中不使用。它过于书面化。 名词(代词) + 现在分词、过去分词；1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far

30、the biggest cereal crop.A. is B. been C. be D. being2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permitsWork done, workers were all gone.Leg hurt, I couldnt go out these days. 非谓语动词 分词 逻辑主语与从句中动词的主动与被动的关系。1. _ at in his way, the situation doesnt seem so desperate.A. Looking B. Looked C. Being looked D. To look2. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A. being treated B.treated C. be treated D. having been tr