涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx

涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx

《涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

涉海英语读写教程课后答案unit2

Unit2MarineBiology

TextA

PartI

UnderstandingandLearning

Backgroundinformation

1.Marinebiology

Marinebiologyisthescientificstudyoforganismsintheoceanorothermarineorbrackishbodiesofwater.Giventhatinbiologymanyphyla（类群）,familiesandgenera（属）havesomespeciesthatliveintheseaandothersthatliveonland,marinebiologyclassifiesspeciesbasedontheenvironmentratherthanontaxonomy（分类学）.Marinebiologydiffersfrommarineecologyasmarineecologyisfocusedonhoworganismsinteractwitheachotherandtheenvironment,andbiologyisthestudyoftheorganismsthemselves.

Marinelifeisavastresource,providingfood,medicine,andrawmaterials,inadditiontohelpingtosupportrecreationandtourismallovertheworld.Atafundamentallevel,marinelifehelpsdeterminetheverynatureofourplanet.Marineorganismscontributesignificantlytotheoxygencycle,andareinvolvedintheregulationoftheEarth'sclimate.Shorelinesareinpartshapedandprotectedbymarinelife,andsomemarineorganismsevenhelpcreatenewland.

Marinebiologycoversagreatdeal,fromthemicroscopic,includingmostzooplanktonandphytoplanktontothehugecetaceans（whales）whichreachuptoareported30meters（98feet）inlength.

2.Hydrothermalvents

Ahydrothermalventisafissureinaplanet'ssurfacefromwhichgeothermallyheatedwaterissues.Hydrothermalventsarecommonlyfoundnearvolcanicallyactiveplaces,areaswheretectonicplates（地壳板块）aremovingapart,oceanbasins,andhotspots.Hydrothermalventsexistbecausetheearthisbothgeologicallyactiveandhaslargeamountsofwateronitssurfaceandwithinitscrust.Commonlandtypesincludehotsprings,fumaroles（喷气孔）andgeysers.Underthesea,hydrothermalventsmayformfeaturescalledblacksmokers.Relativetothemajorityofthedeepsea,theareasaroundsubmarinehydrothermalventsarebiologicallymoreproductive,oftenhostingcomplexcommunitiesfueledbythechemicalsdissolvedintheventfluids.Chemosyntheticarchaea（古生菌）formthebaseofthefoodchain,supportingdiverseorganisms,includinggianttubeworms,clams,limpetsandshrimp.ActivehydrothermalventsarebelievedtoexistonJupiter'smoonEuropa,andancienthydrothermalventshavebeenspeculatedtoexistonMars.

DetailedStudyoftheText

1.Someofthecurrenteventsinmarinebiologyarehighlightedintheupcomingparagraphs.（Para.1）

Meaning:

Inthefollowingparagraphs,someofthecurrenteventsinbiologyarebeingemphasizedandmakeyouthinkaboutthem.

2.Duetothedepletionofozonelayer,thefloatingplanktonsareatriskofgettingexposedtodeleteriousraysofthesun.（Para.3）

Meaning:

Becausetheozonelayerisdecreasedmarkedly,thefloatingplanktonsarefacingthedangerofbeingexposedtoharmfulraysofthesun.

depletion:

n.theactofdecreasingsomethingmarkedly

TheCleanAirActof1970,theyeartheEPAwasestablished,wasevenmorerobust,andsubsequentamendmentsin1977and1990addressedozonedepletionandacidrain.1970年制订的空气清洁法案，即在EPA成立那一年，实施力度更为强硬，随后分别在1977年和1990年两次修订法案，增加了导致臭氧层损害和酸雨的条款。

depletev.useup（resourcesormaterials）

Thissuggeststhatthereremainsasubstantialneedtodepletestocksfurther.这表明当前需要进一步削减存货量。

deleteriousa.harmfultolivingthings

Theoxidesofnitrogencanhavedeleteriouseffectsonmaterials,vegetation,andanimalandhumanlife.氮的氧化物对物质、植物、动物和人类生活有毒害效应。

Monthaftermonth,reportsmountofthedeleteriouseffectsofrisingcarbonlevels.月复一月，一篇篇关于碳元素增加、有害环境的报告不断累积。

3.Sinceironisararenutrientintheocean,manyscientistsareoftheopinionthatintroductionofirondustwillfavorthegrowthofplankton,ultimatelyhelpingincarbonabsorptionandreducingglobalwarming.（Para.4）

Meaning:

Sinceironisararenutrientintheocean,manyscientistsholdtheopinionthattheleading-inofirondustwillpromotethegrowthofplankton,thusbeinghelpfultoabsorbcarbonandreduceglobalwarming.

Note:

Pleasenotethepresentparticipleinthesentence“…,ultimatelyhelpingincarbonabsorptionandreducingglobalwarming.”Itisfunctionedasadverbialofresult.Itisusuallyputattheendofthesentence.

e.g.Thenewmachineswillworkfaster,ultimatelyreducingourcost.

Thesnowlastedaweek,ultimatelyresultinginaseriousconfusioninthewholearea.

nutrient:

n.anysubstancethatcanbemetabolizedbyanorganismtogiveenergyandbuildtissue

a.oforprovidingnourishment

IntheSouthernOcean,ironisindeedthelimitingnutrient.在南冰洋海域，铁元素是限制性营养元素。

Inherfirstbooksheexplainedtheroleofvegetablefibers,vitamins,minerals,andotheressentialnutrients.

在她第一本书中，她解释了植物纤维、维生素、矿物质和其他重要营养物质的作用。

Theamountandtypeofcarbohydrateinpetfoodaffectsthenutrientvaluetheanimalactuallygets.宠物食品中碳水化合物的数量和种类会影响动物实际得到的营养价值。

4.Iftheresultisnotsatisfactory,thereisnotpointinusingfishjustforthesakeofextractingoil.（Para.5）

Meaning:

Iftheresultoftheresearchisnotcertainonwhetherfishoilisreallygoodforhealthornot,thereisnomeaningtokillfishinordertoobtainoilfromit.

extractv.obtainfromasubstance；remove,usuallywithsomeforceoreffort;alsousedinanabstractsense

Citricacidcanbeextractedfromthejuiceoforanges,lemons,limesorgrapefruit.

柠檬酸可以从橙汁、柠檬汁、酸橙汁或柚子汁中提取。

Adentistmaydecidetoextractthetoothtopreventrecurrenttrouble.

牙医可能会决定拔掉这颗牙，以防复发。

Britain'stradefigurescannolongerbeextractedfromexport-and-importdocumentationatports.

英国的贸易数字再也不能从各港口的进出口文件中摘取了。

Hesoughttoextractthemaximumpoliticaladvantagefromthecutininterestrates.

他力图从利息削减中谋取最大的政治利益。

5.Theprimecausefortransmissionofthishumanpathogentomarinecoralsisthedisposalofuntreatedwastewaterorsewagethatmakesitswaytoseawater.（Para.6）

Meaning:

Themaincauseforsendingthishumanpathogentomarinecoralisthatwastewaterorsewageareuntreatedbeforetheyflowintothesea.

prime:

a.mostimportantinasituation

Politicalstability,meanwhile,willbeaprimeconcern.

与此同时，政治稳定将是头等大事。

a.ofthebestpossiblequality

Thelocationofthesebeachesmakesthemprimesitesfordevelopment.

这些海滩的位置使它们成为开发的最佳选址。

a.ofaparticularkindofthingthatisabsolutelytypical.

TheprimeexampleisMacy's,oncetheundisputedkingofCaliforniaretailers.

最典型的例子是梅西百货，它曾是加州零售商们公认的王者。

n.beingatthebeststageofdevelopment

We'vehadaseriesofathletestryingtocomebackwellpasttheirprime.

我们有不少早已过了鼎盛时期的运动员在试图复出。

v.insertaprimerinto（agun,mine,orcharge）preparatorytodetonationorfiring

Hewasprimingthebombtogooffinanhour'stime.他正在做准备，以让炸弹在一小时后爆炸。

6.Thus,inordertosavetheElkhorncoral,stringentcareshouldbetakenwhiletreatingwastewater.（Para.6）

stringent:

a.demandingstrictattentiontorulesandprocedures

Heannouncedthattherewouldbemorestringentcontrolsonthepossessionofweapons.

他宣布在持有武器方面将会有更严格的控制。

Lendersdemandhighercreditscores,biggerdepositsandmorestringentproofofincome.

借贷方要求更高的信誉等级，更多的保证金以及更为严格的收入证明。

TheFundarguedthatthelessstringenttargetwouldprovidefiscalspaceandboosteconomicgrowth.

国际货币基金组织认为较为宽松的目标会留有一些财政空间，刺激经济增长。

7.Sincethechemistryofcoralsissomewhatsimilartohumanbone,itisusedtoreplacebonegrafts.

graft:

n.（surgery）tissueororgantransplantedfromadonortoarecipient

Iamhavingaskingraftonmyarmsoon.我很快就要做手臂的植皮手术了。

v.causetogrowtogetherpartsfromdifferentplants

Peartreesaregraftedonquincerootstocks.梨树被嫁接到榅桲的根茎上。

Youcouldseethatthelastpartofthereporthadjustbeengraftedonasanafterthought.

你可以看出，这份报告的最后部分像是事后想起加上去的。

8.Variousstudieshaverevealedthatcoralmaterialcontainsnegligibleamountsofprotein,andhence,itshowsnoinflammatoryresponse.（Para.7）

negligible:

a.sosmallastobemeaningless;insignificant

Thepaythatthesoldiersreceivedwasnegligible.士兵得到的津贴微乎其微。

Ithasnegligiblesupportamongyoungpeopleandethnicminorities.它在年轻人和少数民族选民中得到的支持微乎其微。

inflammatory：

a.characterizedorcausedbyinflammation

VitaminDhasbeenshowntorepressexaggeratedinflammatoryresponsesbyinhibitingthatcytokinecrosstalk.维生素D已被证明能够抑制细胞素的交互作用，以抑制过度的发炎反应。

a.arousingtoactionorrebellion

Shedescribedhisremarksasirresponsible,inflammatoryandoutrageous.她称他的话不负责任、具煽动性且极端无礼。

9.Iftheproposalofobtainingbiofuelfromseaweedisfeasible,itwillbeapricelesscontributionforsolvingenergycrisisthatwearefacingatpresent.（Para.8）

feasible:

a.capableofbeingdonewithmeansathandandcircumstancesastheyare

Itisnowwidelyacceptedthatavertingseriousclimatechangeistechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyaffordable.现在普遍认为，避免严重的气候变化技术上是可行的，经济上也是负担得起的。

Weshouldtakeactiveattitudeandfeasiblecountermeasurestostrideoverthegreentradebarrier.

我们应该采取积极的态度和切实可行的对策以跨越绿色贸易壁垒的障碍。

PartII

KeytoExercises

Pre-readingquestions:

1.Marinebiologyisthescientificstudyoforganisms/marinelivesintheoceanorothermarineorbrackishbodiesofwater.

2.Therearemarineanimals,fungi,marineplantsandalgae,andMicroscopiclife.Marineanimalsincludebirds,fish,invertebrates,mammalsandreptiles.Marinelifeisavastresource,providingfood,medicine,andrawmaterials,inadditiontohelpingtosupportrecreationandtourismallovertheworld.Atafundamentallevel,marinelifehelpsdeterminetheverynatureofourplanet.Marineorganismscontributesignificantlytotheoxygencycle,andareinvolvedintheregulationoftheEarth'sclimate.Shorelinesareinpartshapedandprotectedbymarinelife,andsomemarineorganismsevenhelpcreatenewland.

3.10EasyWaystoHelpMarineLife

◆Choosesustainableseafood

◆Limity