雅思阅读篇.docx

雅思阅读篇.docx

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雅思阅读篇

济南新航道学校

IELTSREADING

雅思阅读

高分必备习题集

注：

本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。

Contents

1.Amateurnaturalist业余自然学家（P3）

2.CommunicatingStylesandConflict交流的方式与冲突（P6）

3.HealthintheWild野生动物自愈.（p10）

4.TheRainmaker人工造雨（P13）

5.Shoemaker-Levy9CollisionwithJupiter舒梅克彗星撞木星（P16）

6.Asecondlookattwinstudies双胞胎研究（P19）

7.TransitofVenus金星凌日（P22）

8.PlaceboEffect—ThePowerofNothing安慰剂效应（P25）

9.TheoriginsofLaughter笑的起源（P29）

10.RainwaterHarvesting雨水收集（P32）

11.Serendipity:

TheAccidentalScientists科学偶然性（P36）

12.Terminated!

DinosaurEra!

恐龙时代的终结（P40）

13.TVADDICTION电视上瘾（P43）

14.EIninoandSeabirds厄尔尼诺和水鸟（P46）

15.TheextinctgrassinBritain英国灭绝的某种草（P50）

16.Educationphilosophy教育的哲学（P53）

17.ThesecretofYawn打哈欠的秘密（P57）

18.consecutiveandsimultaneoustranslation交替传译和同声传译（P60）

19.Numeracy:

cananimalstellnumbers?

动物会数数么？

（P63）

20.Goingnowherefast（P66）

21.Theseedhunters种子收集者（P69）

22.TheconquestofMalariainItaly意大利征服疟疾（P72）

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.

文章背景：

业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人，平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长，养蜂过程，气候变化，等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据，这种数据叫做“amateurdata”.本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业余自然学家的数据是否能用，以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据，其可信度有多少等问题。

AmateurNaturalists

FromtheresultsofanannualAlaskanbettingcontesttosightingsofmigratorybirds,ecologistsareusingawealthofunusualdatatopredicttheimpactofclimatechange.

ATimSparksslidesasmallleather-boundnotebookoutofanenvelope.Thebook’syellowingpagescontainbeekeepingnotesmadebetween1941and1969bythelateWalterCoatesofKilworth,Leicestershire.Headdsittohisgrowingpileoflocaljournals,birdwatchers’listandgardeningdiaries.“We’reuncoveringaboutonemajornewrecordeachmonth,”hesays,“Istillgetsurprised.”AroundtwocenturiesbeforeCoates,RobertMarsham,alandownerfromNorfolkintheeastofEngland,beganrecordingthelifecyclesofplantsandanimalsonhisestate-whenthefirstwoodanemonesflowered,thedatesonwhichtheoaksburstintoleafandtherooksbegannesting.SuccessiveMarshamscontinuedcompilingthesenotesfor211years.

BToday,suchrecordsarebeingputtousesthattheirauthorscouldnotpossiblyhaveexpected.Thesedatasets,andotherslikethem,areprovinginvaluabletoecologistsinterestedinthetimingofbiologicalevents,orphenology.Bycombiningtherecordswithclimatedata,researcherscanrevealhow,forexample,changesintemperatureaffectthearrivalofspring,allowingecologiststomakeimprovedpredictionsabouttheimpactofclimatechange.Asmallbandofresearchersiscombingthroughhundredsofyearsofrecordstakenbythousandsofamateurnaturalists.Andmoresystematicprojectshavealsostartedup,producinganoverwhelmingresponse.“Theamountofinterestisalmostfrightening,”saysSparks,aclimateresearcherattheCentreforEcologyandHydrologyinMonksWood,Cambridgeshire.

CSparksfirstbecameawareofthearmyof“closetphenologists”,ashedescribesthem,whenaretiringcolleaguegavehimtheMarshamrecords.Henowspendsmuchofhistimefollowingleadsfromonehistoricaldatasettoanother.Asnewsofhisquestspreads,peopletiphimofftootherhistoricalrecords,andmoreamateurphenologistscomeoutoftheirclosets.TheBritishdevotiontorecordingandcollectingmakeshisjobeasier-onemanfromKentsenthim30years’worthofkitchencalendars,onwhichhehasnotedthedatethathisneighbour’smagnoliatreeflowered.

DOtherresearchershaveuneartheddatafromequallyoddsources.RafeSagarin,anecologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,recentlystudiedrecordsofabettingcontestinwhichparticipantsattempttoguesstheexacttimeatwhichaspeciallyerectedwoodentripodwillfallthroughthesurfaceofathawingriver.ThecompetitionhastakenplaceannuallyontheTenanaRiverinAlaskasince1917,andanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatthethawnowarrivesfiveyearsearlierthanitdidwhenthecontestbegan.

EOverall,suchrecordshavehelpedtoshowthat,comparedwith20yearsago,araftofnaturaleventsnowoccurearlieracrossmuchofthenorthernhemisphere,fromtheopeningofleavestothereturnofbirdsfrommigrationandtheemergenceofbutterfliesfromhibernation.Thedatacanalsohintathownaturewillchangeinthefuture.Togetherwithmodelsofclimatechange,amateurs’recordscouldhelpguideconservation.TerryRoot,anecologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor,hascollectedbirdwatchers’countsofwildfowltakenbetween1955and1996onseasonalpondsintheAmericanMidwestandcombinedthemwithclimatedataandmodelsoffuturewarming.Heranalysisshowsthattheincreaseddroughtsthatthemodelspredictcouldhalvethebreedingpopulationsattheponds.“ThenumberofwaterfowlinNorthAmericawillmostprobablydropsignificantlywithglobalwarming,”shesays.

FButnotallprofessionalsarehappytouseamateurdata.“Alotofscientistswon’ttouchthem,theysaythey’retoofullofproblems,”saysRoot.Becausedifferentobserverscanhavedifferentideasofwhatconstitutes,forexample,anopensnowdrop.“Thebiggestconcernwithadhocobservationsishowcarefullyandsystematicallytheyweretaken,”saysMarkSchwartzoftheUniversityofWisconsin,Milwaukee,whostudiestheinteractionsbetweenplantsandclimate.”Weneedtoknowprettypreciselywhataperson’sbeenobserving-iftheyjustsay‘Inotewhentheleavescameout’,itmightnotbethatuseful,”Measuringtheonsetofautumncanbeparticularlyproblem-aticbecausedecidingwhenleaveschangecolourisamoresubjectiveprocessthannotingwhentheyappear.

GOverall,mostphenologistsarepositiveaboutthecontributionthatamateurscanmake.“Theygetattherawpowerofscience:

carefulobservationofthenaturalworld,”saysSagarin.Buttheprofessionalsalsoacknowledgetheneedforcarefulqualitycontrol.Root,forexample,triestogaugethequalityofanamateurarchivebyinterviewingitscollector.“Youalwayshavetoworry-thingsastrivialasvacationscanaffectmeasurement.Idisregardalotofrecordsbecausethey’renotrigorousenough,”shesays.Otherssuggestthattherightstatisticscanironoutsomeoftheproblemswithamateurdata.TogetherwithcolleaguesatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,environmentalscientistArnoldvanVlietisdevelopingstatisticaltechniquestoaccountfortheuncertaintyinamateurphenologicaldata.Withtheenthusiasmofamateurphenologistsevidentfrompastrecords,professionalresearchersarenowtryingtocreatestandardizedrecordingschemesforfutureefforts.Theyhopethatwell-designedstudieswillgenerateavolumeofobservationslargeenoughtodrownouttheidiosyncrasiesofindividualrecorders.Thedataarecheaptocollect,andcanprovidebreadthinspace,timeandrangeofspecies.“It’sverydifficulttocollectdataonalargegeographicalscalewithoutenlistinganarmyofobservers,”saysRoot.

HPhenologyalsohelpstodrivehomemessagesaboutclimatechange.“Becausethepublicunderstandtheserecords,theyacceptthem,”saysSparks.Itcanalsoillustratepotentiallyunpleasantconsequences,headds,suchasthefindingthatmoreratinfestationsarereportedtolocalcouncilsinwarmeryears.Andgettingpeopleinvolvedisgreatforpublicrelations.“Peoplearethrilledtothinkthatthedatathey’vebeencollectingasahobbycanbeusedforsomethingscientific–itempowersthem,”saysRoot.

Questions27-33

ReadingPassage3haseightparagraphsA-H

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-Hinboxes27-33onyouranswersheet.

27.Thedefinitionofphenology

28.HowSparksfirstbecameawareofamateurrecords

29.Howpeoplereactedtotheirinvolvementindatacollection

30.Thenecessitytoencourageamateurdatacollection

31.Adescriptionofusingamateurrecordstomakepredictions

32.Recordsofacompetitionprovidingcluesforclimatechange

33.Adescriptionofaveryoldrecordcompiledbygenerationsofamateurnaturalists

Questions34-36

CompletethesentencesbelowwithNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassage.

Writeyouranswersinboxes34-36onyouranswersheet

34.WalterCoates’srecordslargelycontaintheinformationof.

35.RobertMarshamisfamousforrecordingtheofanimalsandplantsonhisland.

36.Accordingtosomephenologists,globalwarmingmaycausethenumberofwaterfowlinNorthAmericatodropsignificantlyduetoincreased.

Questions37-40

ChoosethecorrectletterA,B,CorD.

Writeyouranswersinboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.

37.whydoalotofscientistsdiscreditthedatacollectedbyamateurs?

AScientificmethodwasnotusedindatacollection.

BAmateurobserversarenotcarefulinrecordingtheirdata.

CAmateurdataisnotreliable.

DAmateurdataisproducedbywrongcandidates.

38.MarkSchwartzusedtheexampleofleavestoillustratethat?

AAmateurrecordscan’tbeused.

BAmateurrecordsarealwaysunsystematic.

CThecolorchangeofleavesishardtoobserve.

DValuableinformationisoftenprecise.

39.Howdothescientistssuggestamateurdatashouldbeused?

AUsingimprovedmethods.

BBemorecarefulinobservation.

CUserawmaterials.

DApplyingstatisticaltechniquesindatacollection.

40.What’stheimplicationofphenologyforordinarypeople?

AItempowersthepublic.

BItpromotespublicrelations.

CItwarnspeopleofanimalinfestation.

DItraisesawarenessaboutclimatechangeinthepublic.

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReadingPassage3onthefollowingpage.

文章背景：

交流的方式与冲突。

从古希腊时期开始，一位叫做hippocrate的人就开始通